ONLINE ORIENTATION

1
ONLINE ORIENTATION

• Industrial Maintenance Construction,
• Support Services Environment

2
About EHS

• We support the University's core mission of
  teaching, research, and service by providing
  comprehensive environmental, health and safety
  services to the University community including
  education through training and consultation
  maintaining a safe environment ensuring
  regulatory compliance and controlling recognized
  health and safety hazards. To achieve this
  mission we must rely on all University employees
  to understand and recognize safety policy and
  procedures.

3
About EHS

• The responsibility of the department of
  Environment, Health and Safety is to develop a
  comprehensive program to comply with the
  provisions of each of the following regulations
  Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• NC DENR NC Department of Environment and Natural
  Resources
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
  Organization (JCAHO)
• NC Radiation Protection Section (NCRPS)
• Office of State Personnel (OSP)
• NC Fire Prevention Codes
• NFPA 101 Life Safety Codes

4
About EHS

• EHS provides comprehensive support for the
  University community in the areas of
  environmental compliance, occupational health and
  safety. To learn more about each section, please
  visit EHSs website at http//ehs.unc.edu.

5
Workplace Safety Program

• In accordance to University policy and North
  Carolina General Statute Article 63, each state
  agency must have a written Health and Safety
  program with clearly stated goals or objectives
  that promote safe and healthful working
  conditions. The Environment, Health and Safety
  manual along with other specific manuals, such as
  Radiation Safety Manual, Laboratory Safety
  Manual, and Biological Safety manual serves as
  the University's written Health and Safety
  program. These manuals provide University
  employees with the necessary guidance in
  maintaining a safe work environment. Each of
  these manuals can be viewed in more detail by
  selecting "Manuals" from the EHS web site.
• Other elements of the Workplace Safety program
  include
• Conduct new employee training to help with the
  identification of and correction of hazards,
• Review workplace incidents and develop ways to
  eliminate or minimize hazards, and
• Employee input through safety committees

6
Workplace Safety Program

• UNC's health and safety committees perform
  workplace inspections, review injury and illness
  records, make advisory recommendations to the
  administration, and perform other functions
  determined by the State Personnel Commission. The
  Workplace Safety Committees report through the
  following structure
• UNC employees should contact EHS or any committee
  member regarding safety concerns.

7
Workplace Safety Program

• If you are interested in serving on one of the
  committees please feel free to contact the EHS
  office at [phone].

8
Fire Safety Program

• UNC's Fire Safety program is based on NFPA 101
  Life Safety Code, N.C. Fire Prevention Code, and
  OSHA 1910 Subpart E. Your understanding and
  contribution to Fire Safety is the key to an
  effective fire protection program for the
  University. Regularly inspecting your area for
• electrical hazards
• storage in hallways
• blocked exit ways
• adequate lighting of exits
• general housekeeping
• can prevent a fire from occurring and provide
  employees with a safe passage in the event of a
  fire.

9
Fire Safety Program

• If a fire or other emergency occurs in your
  building, employees must know two Means of Egress
  (exit). OSHA defines Means of Egress as "A
  continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel
  from any point in a building or structure to a
  public way." The three main components of Means
  of Egress are
• The way of Exit Access
• The exit
• The way of Exit Discharge

10
Fire Safety Program
Exit Access is the area in which an employee uses
as their means of exiting to an exit.
Exit Discharge is the exit from a building to a
public way.
Exit is the protected way of travel to the exit
discharge.
11
Fire Safety Program

• The Department of EHS has prepared a general
  Emergency Action Plan for the University to
  follow. An Emergency Action Plan is "a plan for
  the workplace describing what procedures the
  employers and employees must take to ensure
  employee's safety from fire and other
  emergencies" (1910.35j). The plan includes
• posting of planned evacuation routes
• procedures to follow in the event of a fire or
  emergency
• procedures to account for employees after
  evacuation
• procedures for employees who remain to operate
  critical equipment in an emergency

12
Fire Safety Program

• Posting of Planned Evacuation Routes - Building
  evacuation procedure for your department should
  be posted on the office bulletin board and at all
  elevators. Employees should know at least two
  evacuation routes for their designated work area
  and any area that they frequent often. Employees
  are encouraged to evaluate the building
  evacuation areas daily to ensure that there are
  no obstructions. If obstructions are found,
  please report it to the EHS immediately at (919)
  962-5507.

13
Fire Safety Program

• Procedures to Follow - If a fire emergency was to
  occur in your workplace, it is vital that you be
  prepared to react. The acronym RACE provides the
  basic steps of the Emergency Action Plan to
  follow
• Remove or rescue individuals in immediate danger
• Activate the alarm by pulling the fire pull
  station located in the corridors and calling 911.
• Confine the fire by closing windows, vents and
  doors
• Evacuate to safe area (know the evacuation routes
  for your areas).

14
Fire Safety Program

• Procedures to Account for Employees The
  University has designated an Emergency
  Coordinator(s) for all occupied buildings. Each
  Emergency Coordinator (EC) is responsible for
  assisting in the safe and orderly emergency
  evacuation of employees. In preparation for an
  emergency, the EC completes an information card
  that includes
• evacuation monitors' names
• employee names and phone numbers occupying
  building
• location of employees needing assistance
• rooms containing hazardous material,
• and equipment needing special attention.

15
Fire Safety Program

• In an emergency, each Emergency Coordinator is
  responsible for the following in accordance with
  the University Emergency Plan
• Sweep through assigned area to alert occupants
  that an evacuation is in process.
• Assist building occupants needing special
  assistance
• Report to the University Emergency Command Sector
  with emergency information card
• Advise emergency personnel regarding building
  contents
• Account for all employees by meeting building
  occupants at the assembly area
• Advise building occupants regarding situation and
  when re-entry is permitted
• Advise Facilities Services personnel in cleanup
  operations.

16
Fire Safety Program

• To extinguish a fire requires proper
  identification of the type of fire extinguisher
  to use. There are four classes of extinguishers
  to choose from.
• Currently University buildings are equipped with
  Type ABC fire extinguishers, except in computer
  labs or mechanical rooms with have CO2
  extinguishers.

Class Fire Type Extinguisher Contains
Class A Ordinary combustible products such as paper, cloth or wood Water
Class B Flammable Liquids such as petroleum base oil, solvents, greases, and gasses Dry chemicals such as carbon dioxide or halogenated agents
Class C Electrical Dry chemicals such as carbon dioxide or halogenated agents
Class D Combustible Metals (ex magnesium sodium) Special liquid or dry powder agent
17
Fire Safety Program

• Only University employees working in healthcare,
  emergency response, and/or whose job requires
  them to use a fire extinguisher are required to
  receive annual hands on fire extinguisher
  training. EHS Fire Safety section conducts annual
  classes in different locations on campus. For
  other employees it is beneficial to know how a
  fire extinguisher is used. Remembering the
  acronym PASS will assist in the proper use of a
  fire extinguisher.
• Pull the pin between the handles.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the handles together.
• Sweep the extinguisher from side to side at the
  base of the fire.

18
Fire Safety Program

• A few fire safety reminders
• Everyone is responsible for keeping the work area
  safe from fires.
• Review your evacuation routes to ensure that
  exits and passageways are unobstructed.
• Practice good general housekeeping.
• Store flammable liquids and combustible material
  properly.
• Report any fire hazards or other safety concerns
  immediately to the department of Environment,
  Health and Safety at [phone].

19
Workers Compensation Program

• Workers' Compensation benefits are available to
  any University employee (whether full-time,
  part-time, temporary) who suffers disability
  through accident or illness arising out of, and
  in the scope of, his or her employment, according
  to the North Carolina Workers' Compensation Act.

20
Workers Compensation Program

• The benefits provided to University Employees
  include medical and leave. Medical benefits
  include all authorized medical services such as
  physician visit, prescriptions, physical therapy,
  rehabilitation, etc. Leave benefits are provided
  to employees when an authorized medical provider
  places an employee out work.

21
Workers Compensation Program

• If you receive an injury or occupational illness,
  go directly to the University Employee
  Occupational Health Clinic (UEOHC) located at 145
  N. Medical Drive. The UEOHC is open from 830 am
  to 430 pm Monday thru Friday, except holidays.
• For after hours needlestick/human blood or body
  fluid exposures, please call UEOHC at 966-9119.
  The UEOHC line will automatically forward your
  call to Healthlink in order to gather the
  appropriate information and put you in contact
  with the Family Practice physician covering the
  needlestick hotline. For all other after-hour
  work related injuries that require immediate
  medical care, go directly to the UNC Emergency
  Department. If immediate medical care is not
  needed, then please report to the UEOHC the
  following day.
• For a life-threatening injury or illness, go
  directly to the Emergency Department located in
  the Neurosciences Hospital on Manning Drive.

22
Workers Compensation Program

• If you experienced an on-the-job injury or
  illness, you are to report the incident
  immediately to your supervisor no matter how
  minor. Once the injury is reported, an incident
  investigation will occur to determine the cause
  of the incident and corrective action taken to
  prevent the incident from reoccurring. Please
  note Failure to report an injury could result in
  the denial of your claim.

23
Workers Compensation Program

• For further information concerning University
  policies on workplace injuries and illnesses,
  refer to the "Workers' Compensation" pages on the
  EHS web site.

24
Hazard Communication Background

• What is OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard?
• OSHAs Hazard Communication standard (29 CFR
  1910.1200), promulgated 1994, requires that
  employees be informed of the hazards of
  chemical(s) that they work with or are present in
  their work area.

25
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (continued)

• The four elements of the program include
• Ensuring chemicals are labeled
• Maintaining departmental/work unit/laboratory
  chemical inventories
• Maintaining Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Training of personnel by Supervisor on the
  chemicals that are used or in the workplace

26
OSHA collaborates with United Nation

• Understanding the need for consistent
  classifications of hazards chemicals, OSHA
  decided to better align with the United Nations
  Globally Harmonized System by adopting a common
  classification and labeling of chemicals.

To view details of this report, double click
picture.
27
Benefits of Adopting GHS

• There are several benefits for OSHA in adopting
  the Globally Harmonized system. In particular,
  it will provide a common and coherent approach to
  classifying chemicals and communicating hazard
  information on labels and safety data sheets.
  Thus resulting in
• Consistency of information provided
• Increase comprehension of hazards
• Help address literacy problems
• Facilitation of international trade of chemicals

28
OSHA Publishes Revised Standard

• In March 2012, the revised Hazard Communication
  Standard became law and included an established
  timeframe for implementation. The table below
  outlines the effective dates, requirements and
  responsible parties.

Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who
December 1, 2013 Train employees on the new label elements and SDS format. Employers
June 1, 2015 December 1, 2015 Comply with all modified provisions of this final rule, exceptDistributors may ship products labeled by manufacturers under the old system until December 1, 2015. Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers
June 1, 2016 Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary, and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards. Employers
Transition Period Comply with either 29 CFR 1910.1200 (this final standard), or the current standard, or both All chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers
29
Benefit of HazCom2012

• With the Universitys mission to serve North
  Carolina, the United States, and the World
  through teaching, research, and public service,
  the new requirements under HazCom 2012 will
  enhance clarity for University employees
  positioned on campus as well as abroad.

30
HazCom2012 Requirements

• By December 2013, all University employees are to
  have received general training regarding
  definitions, label and Safety Data Sheet
  for chemicals under new HazCom 2012 standard.
• Supervisors are still required to provide job
  specific training to employees on the chemicals
  used in their area at least once and every time a
  new chemical is added. The training must cover
  proper use, handling, and personal protective
  equipment required for the safe handling of the
  hazardous chemicals.

31
Definitions

• HazCom 2012 will use a specification approach
  rather than a performance-oriented approach.
  Hazards will be classified thus providing a
  specific criteria for classification of health
  and physical hazards, as well as classification
  of mixtures. Specifically
• Appendix A defines health and physical hazards
• Appendix B includes additional parameters to
  evaluate health hazard data
• Appendix F pertains to Carcinogens

32
Labels
HazCom 2012 requires chemical manufacturers and
importers to provide a label that includes a
harmonized product identifier, pictogram, signal
word, and hazard statement for each hazard class
and category. Precautionary statements must also
be provided.
33
Labels - Pictograms

• Pictograms are required on labels to alert users
  of the chemical hazards to which they may be
  exposed. Each pictogram consists of a symbol on a
  white background framed within a red border and
  represents a distinct hazard(s), such as health,
  physical, and environmental . The pictogram on
  the label is determined by the chemical hazard
  classification. There are nine pictograms with
  only the environmental pictogram being optional.
  

34
Labels Distinct Hazards

• As previously stated, Distinct hazards are
  chemicals in which there is scientific evidence
  that a health, physical, and/or environmental
  hazards may occur.
• Health Hazard - acute or chronic health affects
  may occur if exposed.
• Physical Hazard - a combustible liquid, a
  compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic
  peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable
  (reactive) or water-reactive
• Environmental Hazard pose risk or danger to the
  environment

35
Labels Pictograms (Health)
Skull and Cross Bones will appear on the most
severely toxic chemicals. Depending on the
toxicity of the chemical, the skull and
crossbones indicates that the chemical may be
toxic or fatal. Specifically it can mean

• Acute Toxicity (fatal and toxic)
• Fatal in contact with skin
• Fatal if inhaled
• Fatal if swallowed
• Toxic if swallowed
• Toxic in contact with skin
• Examples Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia,
  Acrylonitrile, Arsenic

36
Labels Pictograms (Health)
Corrosive will appear on chemicals that have
corrosive properties. Depending on the
properties of the chemical(s) in the product, the
corrosion pictogram can mean

• May be corrosive to metals
• Causes severe skin burns
• Causes serious eye damage
• Examples Sodium Hydroxide (lye) and Sulfuric
  Acid

37
Labels Pictograms (Health)
Exclamation Mark will appear on chemicals with
less severe toxicity. This symbol will never be
used with skull and crossbones symbol.
Depending on the health hazard, it can mean

• Harmful if swallowed
• Acute Toxicity (harmful)
• Harmful in contact with skin
• Skin Sensitizer
• Harmful if inhaled
• Respiratory Tract Irritant
• Causes skin irritation
• Irritant (skin and eye)
• Causes serious eye irritation
• May cause allergic skin reaction
• Hazardous to Ozone Layer
• Examples Isopropyl Alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol,
  Acetone

38
Labels Pictograms (Health)
Health Hazard will appear on chemicals with less
severe toxicity. This symbol will never be used
with skull and crossbones symbol. Depending on
the health hazard, it can mean

• Carcinogen
• Mutagenicity
• Reproductive Toxicity
• Respiratory Sensitizer
• Target Organ Toxicity
• Aspiration Toxicity
• Examples Carbon Monoxide, Hexanes

39
Labels Pictograms (Health/Physical)

• Gas Cylinder can cause fires, explosions, oxygen
  deficient atmospheres, toxic gas exposures as
  well as the innate physical hazard associated
  with cylinders under high pressure
• Gases under pressure
• Compressed gases
• Liquefied gases
• Refrigerated liquefied gases
• Dissolved gases
• Examples Butane and Propane

40
Labels Pictograms (Physical)

• Exploding Bomb symbol will appear on chemicals
  that have explosive properties.
• Unstable Explosives
• Self-reactive substances and mixtures
• Organic peroxides
• Examples Nitroglycerine and TNT, Gunpowder,
  Rocket propellants, and Pyrotechnic mixtures
  (fireworks).

41
Labels Pictograms (Physical)
Flame symbol will appear on chemicals that are
flammable. Depending on the properties of the
chemical(s) and the product, the flame can mean

• Extremely flammable gas
• Extremely flammable aerosol
• Self-Heating
• Flammable aerosol
• Extremely flammable liquid and vapor
• Highly flammable liquid and vapor
• Flammable liquid and vapor
• Flammable solid
• Examples Butane, Pyrophorics, Organic Peroxides

42
Labels Pictograms (Physical)

• Flame over circle symbol will appear on chemicals
  that are
• Oxidizers
• Oxidizing gases, liquids, and solids
• Examples Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrous Oxide

43
Labels Pictograms (Environment)

• Environment symbol will appear on chemicals which
  are acutely hazardous to fish, crustacean, or
  aquatic plants. This is the only symbol that is
  not mandatory.
• Aquatic Toxicity
• Acute hazards to the aquatic environment
• Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment

44
Label Signal Word

• A Signal Word is used to indicate the relative
  level of severity of hazard and alert the reader
  to a potential hazard on the label. The signal
  words used are
• "Danger" - used for the more severe hazards
• Warning" - used for less severe hazards.

45
Labels- Hazard Statement

• A Hazard Statement describes the nature of the
  hazard(s) of a chemical, including where
  appropriate the degree of hazard.
• All of the applicable hazard
• statements must appear on
• the label.

46
Labels Precautionary Statement

• A Precautionary Statement is a statement that
  describes recommended measures that should be
  taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects.

47
Label What do UNC Employees need to do?
Effective June 1 2015, all chemicals received at
the University should have the required label.
Any material transferred to another container
must also have the same label versus just
chemical/product name.
48
Safety Data Sheets
HazCom 2012 requires Safety Data Sheets - SDS
(formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets
MSDS) to use a specified 16-section standardized
format. Under the new format, employees wanting
information regarding Exposure Controls/Personal
Protection will always refer to Section 8 of the
Safety Data Sheets.
49
Safety Data Sheets
To improve employee understanding, information
listed on the label, like Precautionary
Statement, will be same information the employee
will find on the Safety Data Sheet. The
standardize 16 sections is broken down as
follows
50
Safety Data Sheet 16 Sections

1. Identification of the substanceor mixture and of
   the supplier
2. Hazards identification
3. Composition/information on ingredients
   Substance/Mixture
4. First aid measures
5. Firefighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls/personal protection
9. Physical and chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological
12. Ecological information(non mandatory)
13. Disposal considerations(non mandatory)
14. Transport information(non mandatory)
15. Regulatory information(non mandatory)
16. Other information including information on
    preparation and revision of the SDS

51
Safety Data Sheets What do UNC Employees need
to do?
By December 2015, distributors must provide the
new format of Safety Data Sheets. Supervisors
need to update the Safety Data Sheet notebooks
and/or computer links in their job specific area
to the newly format sheets. Remember SDS(s) must
be accessible to employees at all times.
52
NC OSHA Enforcement
By June 2016, NC OSHA will begin to enforce
compliance with HazCom 2012 by conducting site
evaluations. Environment, Health and Safety will
continue to assist University departments with
the implementation of the specific requirements
covered in this training.
53
Resources - OSHAs HazCom2012 Web Page
OSHA has developed an extensive web page to
provide additional resources for employees at
http//www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html
54
Resources - Guidance Outreach

• Supervisors can find printable guidance material
  that can be utilized when training employees.
• Guidance
• OSHA Briefs
• Fact Sheet
• Quick Cards

55
Chemical Security

• The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is
  charged with keeping US citizens safe and secure
  from chemical terrorism. The Chemical Facility
  Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) are a
  comprehensive risk-based security regulation
  enforced by DHS.
• These regulations provide guidance for securing
  certain Chemicals of Interest (COI) that could be
  used directly or indirectly for terroristic
  purposes. DHS requires Colleges and Universities
  in the possession of COI to
• Monitor
• Report possessions above regulated threshold
  amounts
• Implement appropriate Security measures
• DHS has the authority to inspect facilities for
  compliance with CFATS, impose civil penalties up
  to 25,000 per day, and shut down facilities that
  fail to comply with these regulations.
• As a leading research institution, UNC Chapel
  Hill conducts research where COI may be regularly
  used, stored, or even produced.

56
Chemicals of Interest (COI)

• COI are organized by specific security and
  vulnerability concerns. They are categorized in
  Appendix A by the following types
• Theft/Diversion steal, divert, or otherwise
  acquired to use as a weapon at another time and
  place
• Sabotage sabotage or contaminate to explode or
  release in transit
• Release release as an explosive or to form a
  flammable or toxic cloud
• The potential type of security and vulnerability
  issue at UNC Chapel Hill would be related to
  Theft/Diversion. The following chart lists
  specific Theft/Diversion COI taken from DHS CFATS
  Appendix A.

57
Inventory Management of COI

• The EHS chemical inventory system is an essential
  component of compliance with the CFATS
  regulations. All inventories should be updated
  with EHS at least annually. Users of COI must
  check their inventories frequently to ensure no
  theft or diversion has occurred.

58
Purchasing of COI

• Cooperation by the University community to
  purchase COI through the University's purchasing
  protocol is necessary to maintain compliance.
• COI can only be purchased through the
  University's ePro system. Do not use Procurement
  Cards (P-Cards).
• To help facilitate compliance, EHS strongly
  encourages that COI purchases are limited to the
  amount of material needed for the
  experiment/operation.

59
Security of COI

• Multiple layers of security are required for COI
  stored in University facilities/property.
  Examples of security layers include
• locked cabinet within a locked room
• access controlled room with locked cabinet
• access controlled area with a gated storage shed
• Immediately report any suspect activity or loss
  of COI to the Department of Public Safety at 911.

60
PPE Minimizing Hazards

• There are three main controls used to eliminate
  or minimize workplace hazards
• 1. Administrative policies and procedures that
  control the time and amount of exposure. For
  example rest breaks and job rotation are
  administrative controls
• 2. Engineering physical changes to a workplace
  to reduce or minimize a hazard. For example,
  guard rails and lifting aids are examples of
  engineering controls
• 3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  equipment you wear to protect the head, face,
  eyes, feet, respiratory system, hearing and body
  from injury
• Where possible, engineering and/or
  administrative controls should be attempted
  before requiring PPE. However, when PPE is
  necessary, it is provided to employees at no
  cost. Your supervisor should issue the
  appropriate PPE for your job duties.

61
Fundamentals of PPE

• Each shop or work unit on campus has a Hazard
  Management Plan (HMP). This document contains a
  PPE Hazard Assessment section which reviews jobs
  for employees in that work group which require
  the use of PPE. The shop supervisor is
  responsible for reviewing the use and care of PPE
  required for each worker and for signing the
  Certificate of Personal Protective Equipment
  Training along with the worker.
• PPE should always be inspected prior to each use
  to make sure it is in sanitary and good working
  condition. Depending on the type of PPE you are
  using, check for the following holes, cracks,
  scratches, wear and tear, or frayed parts (straps
  on respirators or webbing on fall protection
  harnesses). A good work practice is to clean any
  dirty PPE before storing it. This will make it
  more accessible the next time you need it. All
  PPE should be stored in a cool, dry, secure area.
  Some PPE can be shared but respirators and
  earplugs should not be.

62
Head Protection

• Falling or flying objects and falling or walking
  into hard objects are common causes of head
  injuries. These injuries include neck sprains,
  concussions, and skull fractures. Accidents
  involving electricity result in electrical shocks
  and burns.
• A hard hat is designed with a rigid shell that
  resists and deflects blows to the head and the
  suspension system inside the hat acts as a shock
  absorber. Depending on how the hard hat is made
  it can serve as an insulator against electrical
  shocks. Some hard hats can be modified so you can
  add face shields, goggles, hoods, or hearing
  protection to them.
• For industrial purposes, three classes of
  helmets are recognized
• Class A general service, limited voltage
  protection impact resistant
• Class B utility service, high-voltage helmets
  impact resistant
• Class C special service, no voltage protection,
  impact resistant
• DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks and
• DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances.
• ANSI Requirements for Industrial Protective
  Helmets for Electrical Workers, Z89.2-1971,
  should be consulted for details. The standards
  for protective helmets purchased after July 5,
  1994, are contained in ANSI Personnel Protection
  -- Protective Headwear for Industrial
  Workers-Requirements, Z89.1-1986. Later editions
  of these standards are available and acceptable
  for use.

63
Eye and Face Protection

• If you are exposed to flying particles, molten
  metals, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic
  liquids, chemical gases or radiation then safety
  glasses, goggles or a face shield are required.
  Some of these may be required to be worn together
  (i.e. goggles face shield). Check your
  department's procedure.
• The University has a prescription safety glasses
  program for employees that wear glasses. If you
  need prescription safety glasses, call EHS at
  [phone] for further information.
• Note Contacts do not protect the eye from
  injury.

64
Hand Protection

• Gloves should be worn to prevent contact with
  chemicals, cuts, abrasions, punctures or exposure
  to temperature extremes.
• Some Types of Gloves
• Nitrile (used with acids)
• Rubber (used with electricity)
• Latex (used with weak chemicals - not petroleum
  based chemicals)
• Leather (used with sharp or rough surfaces)

65
Foot Protection

• If there is the potential in your job for injury
  to the foot due to falling or rolling objects,
  electrical shock, or objects that can pierce the
  sole of your shoe then foot protection is
  required. The Universitys policy is that anyone
  lifting more than 15 pounds is required to wear
  safety shoes. The University will pay up to 80
  for safety shoes in accordance with the office of
  State Personnel.
• Within a safety shoe/boot you will find the
  American National Safety Standard ANSI Z41 PT 91
  on the inner flap. Also, ASTM F 2412-05 and ASTM
  F 2413-05 may be found on these inner flaps of
  newer safety shoes. The information on this inner
  flap will tell you exactly what hazards you are
  protected against.
• Housekeepers have a special type of safety shoe
  available to them called Gators. They are black
  rubber shoes with a red bottom that slide over
  your regular shoes. These shoes provide traction
  on wet or slippery surfaces.

66
Respiratory Protection

• A respirator is worn to prevent exposure to
  harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes,
  sprays, or vapors. Wearing a respirator is a last
  resort. It should never be a first line of
  defense.
• Our first line of defense is to "engineer out"
  the need for a respirator. Thus, a respirator is
  required in areas where exposure cannot be fully
  controlled.
• At UNC-CH we have a written respiratory program
  in place. The program offers the following
• selection of respirators
• annual medical evaluation
• annual training
• annual fit testing

67
Types of Respirators

• Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)
• Can be negative pressure or positive pressure
  type.
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Supplied Air Respirators (SARs)
• Filtering Facepiece (N95 Dust Mask)
• Additional information concerning respiratory
  information can be located at our website,
  www.ehs.unc.edu . The Respiratory Manual can be
  found within the IMAC Manual under the Manuals
  tab. Respiratory Training can be found under the
  Self Study Units by using the Training tab.
• Contact Information for Respiratory
  Protection
• Workplace Safety
• Phone [phone]

68
Hazards and Type of Respirator Needed

• Certain conditions require the use of a
  respirator. These conditions include
• Oxygen deficient less than 19.5 oxygen. (This
  requires a self contained breathing apparatus
  SCBA or Supplied Air Respirators SAR)
• Contaminated atmospheres (full or half face
  positive pressure respirators)
• Dusts
• Sprays
• Fumes
• Vapors
• Smoke
• Harmful gases
• Biological exposure (N95)
• Anthrax
• Smallpox

69
Respirator Use and Storage

• Your life may depend on having your respirator in
  good working order. Before each use inspect your
  respirator for damage and defects. Check for
• tightness of connections
• condition of all parts
• damage to facepiece, head straps, valves,
  connecting tube, cartridges, canisters, filters
  and any other parts
• facepiece for pliable or deteriorated parts
• After using your respirator be sure to clean it
  according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Store
  your respirator in a sealed plastic bag or
  plastic container to protect it from
• Damage
• Contamination
• Dust
• Sunlight
• Extreme temperatures
• Moisture
• Chemicals
• If you will be storing your respirator in a work
  vehicle be sure to put your respirator in a
  sealed bag and then in the box it came in to help
  deflect the heat that builds up in the vehicles
  over the summer months. Heat will warp your
  respirator over a period of time.

70
Hearing Conservation Program (HCP)

• Excessive noise can damage your hearing, it can
  also cause fatigue and stress. Hearing protection
  should be used when working around loud noises
  for extended periods of time.
• Our first line of defense is to evaluate the area
  to see if the noise can be "engineered out".
  Using engineering controls might include erecting
  sound barriers, insulating the equipment, or
  closing off the equipment entirely.
• The University has a Hearing Conservation Program
  which is a written program that requires annual
  training and annual audiometric testing to help
  prevent the loss of hearing. The OSHA standard
  requires anyone who is exposed to a noise level
  of 85 decibels or higher over an 8 Time Weighted
  Average (TWA) hour period to be part of the
  Hearing Conservation Program. OSHA requires the
  employer to provide training in the use of all
  hearing protectors provided to employees. At
  UNC-CH the following hearing protectors are
  available
• Earplugs
• Earmuffs
• Ear Bands

71
How to Insert Earplugs

• When ear protection is worn, it is important
  that it be used properly. Improper use of hearing
  protection can reduce its effectiveness and put
  your hearing at risk.
• Here are the steps to take when donning (putting
  on) hearing protection
• Make sure hands are clean. Dirt and moisture in
  your ear canal can cause infection.
• Compress the plug between your thumb and
  forefinger.
• With the opposite hand, pull outer ear backward
  and upward, then insert plug as far into ear as
  possible.
• Hold your finger against the plug until it starts
  to expand.
• For preformed plugs, pull outer ear backward and
  upward. Insert plug by twisting and pushing until
  it fits snugly and you feel a vacuum-like seal.
• When doffing (taking off) hearing protection,
  again be sure hands are clean.

72
Areas at UNC-CH With High Noise Levels

• When performing certain activities like welding
  or woodworking, hearing protection may be needed
  even though you are not part of the Hearing
  Conservation Program. Areas identified with high
  noise levels at UNC include
• Cogeneration Facility
• Chiller Plants
• Grounds Department
• Airports

73
Who Cleans Up?

• EHS will respond to reported chemical spills and
  mercury spills. Laboratories are also capable of
  cleaning up the majority of spills. Spill kits
  can be purchased through Fisher Scientific
  (SR64125).
• Refer to the Laboratory Safety Data Sheet on
  Chemical Spills.

74
Dealing With a Spill

• If a spill occurs in your lab, be sure to control
  the spill area. Assess whether you can clean up
  the spill. If yes, utilize your chemical spill
  kit. Then place the waste in disposal containers
  and submit a waste pick-up request on-line. If
  the spill involves radioactive materials, be sure
  to report the spill to EHS Radiation Safety
  [phone].
• Cases in which EHS should be called to clean-up
  spills
• gt100 mL of highly toxic chemical
• gtone liter of volatile solvent
• gtone liter of corrosive solvent
• If the laboratory feels assistance is needed
• Call 911 if the spill occurs after 500 pm or on
  weekends.

75
Radiation Hazard Risks

• Laboratory personnel are required to inform you
  of any hazard risks associated with the equipment
  or area where you are required to work. They are
  required to clear the area of all hazardous
  materials and decontaminate surfaces and
  equipment. The safety clearance form (HSO Form
  401) is required to certify that equipment and/or
  a room is considered safe.
• Any equipment in the laboratory which could have
  been contaminated with radioactive material must
  be surveyed by lab personnel before removal to
  another laboratory, transfer to a repair shop, or
  transfer to Surplus Property. Before the
  equipment is transferred and following a
  satisfactory survey, all warning signs and
  stickers must be removed. The safety clearance
  form (HSO Form 401) is to be posted on the
  decontaminated equipment. This form should be
  provided to the appropriate personnel to show
  that the equipment is considered safe for any
  use.

76
Radiation Dos and Don'ts

• Radiation Do's
• Do work on equipment if safety clearance form is
  attached. Hazard labels should be removed or
  covered by the safety clearance form.
• Do move/work on surplus equipment if safety
  clearance form is attached and hazard labels have
  been removed.
• Do keep safety clearance form with equipment at
  all times.
• Do ask laboratory personnel about any questions
  you may have as to whether the equipment or area
  is safe for you to work.
• Do call Environment, Health Safety (919)
  962-5507 if you have concerns about equipment
  clearance.
• Radiation Don'ts
• Dont accept equipment without safety clearance
  form and hazard labels removed.
• Dont work on equipment without the safety
  clearance form attached.
• Dont remove equipment from lab which still has
  hazard labels on it.

77
Hazardous Waste

• Hazardous Waste is created when there is no
  further use for a solid or liquid chemical.
• This waste is our responsibility from when we
  create it-- until forever. This is described as
  being from "Cradle to Grave". Therefore, proper
  documentation is important whenever waste is
  picked up and disposed of.

78
What is Chemical Waste?

• Chemical waste is, used, obsolete or unwanted
  chemicals such as acids, bases, aerosol cans,
  paints, solvents, batteries, photographic film,
  and cleaners.
• We at UNC are concerned that chemicals will make
  their way into our creeks and rivers. The
  following items are examples of chemicals/liquids
  that should not be poured outside on the ground,
  into outside storm drains, or into floor drains
  mop water, paint, oil, chemicals, etc. Waste put
  in storm drains and floor drains eventually ends
  up in our rivers and oceans. The best practice is
  to pour mop water down sink drains that go
  directly into the sanitary sewer system. Chemical
  waste should be disposed of by calling (919)
  962-5507.
• If you see anyone pour liquids down the storm
  water drains or floor drains please notify EHS at
  [phone].

79
Disposal of Chemical Waste

• The Department of Environment, Health and
  Safety disposes of chemical waste generated by
  the University. Contact EHS at [phone] to
  learn how to request a chemical waste pick up or
  go to www.ehs.unc.edu and use the "Quick Links"
  drop-down menu on the left to select "Waste
  Pick-Up". The link will take you to the Online
  Waste Pickup System.

80
What is a Biohazard Waste?

• Biological hazards are also referred to as
  biohazards. Biohazards are infectious
  microorganisms, biological allergens, and toxins
  that can affect the health of humans. Biohazard
  materials also include any equipment that was
  used such as syringes, pipettes and scalpel
  blades. This includes any animal carcasses and
  items used for their care that have been exposed
  to infectious agents.
• Since it is considered biohazardous waste, it
  cannot go to the landfill as is. On campus we use
  a process called autoclaving to decontaminate the
  waste prior to disposal.
• Autoclaving provides sterilization through
  superheated steam under pressure. Autoclaving has
  the ability to destroy pathogens, thus rendering
  the waste harmless.
• All biohazardous waste must be autoclaved to
  decontaminate the waste before disposal in the
  landfill. If the landfill does not recognize our
  waste as being decontaminated they will call us
  to come and pick it up then we have to autoclave
  it and then send it back to the landfill.

81
Steps to Disposal of Biohazard Waste

• 1. Biohazard waste placed in orange bag. Also
  known as biohazard or infectious waste bags.
• 2. Sealed with a heat sensitive tape placed over
  the biohazard symbol prior to autoclaving
• 3. Waste in autoclaved
• 4. When removed from the autoclave the heat
  sensitive tape has markings on it. Either lines
  appear or the word "autoclaved".
• 5. Autoclaved waste goes in white barrel marked
  "autoclaved/decontaminated waste only".
• 6. Finally place the waste into the dumpster.
  This picture has a large sticker on each bag that
  states the material is 'decontaminated'. This is
  an acceptable method to label decontaminated
  materials.

82
Broken Glass and Other Sharp Objects

• Non-contaminated and/or decontaminated glassware
  and sharps are to be placed in a plastic bag
  within a cardboard box. It is recommended that
  all glass items be disposed in this manner. The
  box will be picked up by Housekeeping personnel,
  indicating "CAUTION, GLASS AND SHARPS,
  NON-HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ONLY".
• Sharp objects such as needles, scalpels, or
  razor blades are to be disposed of in plastic
  sharps containers. Red containers, marked with a
  biohazard symbol should be used for potentially
  contaminated sharps. White or clear plastic
  containers should be used for non-hazardous
  sharps.

83
Introduction To Lead and Asbestos

• Exposure to lead and asbestos can be hazardous.
  Originally lead and asbestos were used in
  construction of buildings due to their physical
  properties. For Asbestos
• Flexibility
• High tensile strength
• High electrical resistance
• Resistance to thermal degradation
• Resistant to chemicals
• Virtually indestructible
• Lead
• Durable very workable (pliable)
• Does not corrode
• Does not readily crack due to building settling
• Does not readily burst with freezing or thawing
• Expands when water freezes

84
What is Asbestos?

• Asbestos is a generic name given to the fibrous
  variety of six naturally occurring minerals that
  have been used in commercial products. These
  bundles of fiber make up asbestos.
• The two most common forms of asbestos used in
  building materials are chrysotile (white
  asbestos) and amosite (brown asbestos).

85
How Does Asbestos Affect my Health?

• Once inhaled, the small, inert asbestos fibers
  can easily penetrate the body's defenses. They
  are deposited and retained in the airways and
  tissues of the lungs called the alveoli. In the
  alveoli, the location of gas exchange, asbestos
  causes the development of scar tissue. This
  thickening of the alveoli wall reduces the amount
  of oxygen available to the body. Because asbestos
  fibers remain in the body, each exposure
  increases the likelihood of developing an
  asbestos disease. There are 3 major diseases that
  are caused by asbestos exposure
• Asbestosis is a condition caused by asbestos
  inhalation that decreases a persons ability to
  breathe normally. It is a slowly progressive
  disease with a latency period of 15 to 30 years.
• Lung Cancer is a malignant tumor of the bronchi
  covering. The tumor grows through surrounding
  tissue, invading and often obstructing air
  passages. The latency period for lung cancer is
  20 to 30 years. Smoking can increase the risk of
  lung cancer up to 90 times.
• Mesothelioma occurs in the lining of the chest
  cavity and the abdominal cavity, usually fatal.
  Normally fatal within 6 months of diagnosis.
  Similar to other asbestos related diseases,
  mesothelioma has a longer latency period of 30 to
  40 years.

86
Where is Asbestos Located on Campus?

• Asbestos containing materials (ACM) may be found
  in some campus buildings. There are three types
  of Asbestos Containing Materials
• Surfacing Materials (SM) Sprayed or troweled-on
  materials used on ceilings or walls, as
  decorative, acoustical, and fire proofing in
  homes, buildings, and schools.
• Thermal System Insulation (TSI) Insulation
  around boilers, on water and steam pipe elbows,
  tees, fittings, pipe runs, and duct systems.
• Miscellaneous Materials (MM) This includes all
  materials containing asbestos which were not
  included in the above groups. For example floor
  tile, joint compound in sheet rock, ceiling
  tiles, roofing materials, transite siding,
  caulking, cement pipe, kiln insulation,
  electrical panel insulation and wiring, fire
  brick, tar, and others.

87
Lead Health Affects and Where it is Found

• Lead is used in the manufacture of batteries,
  metal products, paints, and ceramic glazes.
  Exposure to lead can occur from breathing
  contaminated workplace air, house dust, eating
  lead-based paint chips, or contaminated dirt.
  Lead is a very toxic element, causing a variety
  of effects at low dose levels. Children are
  particularly sensitive to the chronic effects of
  lead, resulting in slowed cognitive development,
  reduced growth and other effects. Reproductive
  effects, such as decreased sperm count in men and
  spontaneous abortions in women, have been
  associated with high lead exposure. The
  developing fetus is at particular risk from
  maternal lead exposure, with low birth weight and
  slowed postnatal neurobehavioral development as
  possible effects.

88
Lead-Based Paint and Other Common Uses

• Lead-based paints were commonly used until 1978
  and may be present in some campus buildings. The
  University is responsible for keeping all
  lead-based paint located in campus buildings
  built before 1978 in good condition. Lead
  exposure may occur from flaking paint, paint
  chips, and weathered paint powder.
• Since the 1980's, EPA and its federal partners
  have phased out lead in gasoline, reduced lead in
  drinking water, reduced lead in industrial air
  pollution, and banned or limited lead used in
  consumer products, including residential paint.

89
Asbestos Lead Awareness

• Asbestos and lead are safe as long as
• They are in a solid state.
• They are not disturbed.
• Floor or ceiling tiles are not broken or cracked.
• Insulation is not cracked.
• Paint is not peeling or being washed into a water
  source.
• If you have doubts about the safety of a
  condition you find, contact your supervisor so
  that EHS can investigate.

90
Protect Yourself

• What can you do to protect yourself? Report to
  your supervisor any suspected asbestos that is
  broken or cracked, abnormal dust or any peeling
  paint. Your supervisor will contact EHS to report
  any asbestos or lead concerns [phone].

91
Musculoskeletal Disorders

• IMAC and Support Services personnel may be at
  risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders
  during routine tasks such as lifting, and
  repetitive tool use. Musculoskeletal disorders,
  also called cumulative trauma disorders or
  repetitive strain injuries, are gradual-onset
  injuries that usually occur after repeated
  micro-trauma to a specific body part. They may
  take weeks, months or years to develop and are
  often ignored at first due to the slow onset of
  symptoms.
• Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders of the
  muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints,
  cartilage and spinal discs. Musculoskeletal
  disorders which commonly affect IMACS/Support
  Services personnel include Trigger finger, Low
  Back Pain, Lateral Epicondylitis, and Carpal
  tunnel syndrome.

92
MSD Warning Signs

• The parts of the body susceptible to
  musculoskeletal disorders do not always have
  nerve endings designed to tell us that a
  musculoskeletal disorder is developing. Instead,
  we must rely on warning signs given to us from
  nearby parts of the body. For example, in Carpal
  Tunnel Syndrome, the hands often feel sore and
  tingly, like they have fallen asleep. The problem
  is not in the hands, however, it is in the median
  nerve where it passes through the wrists. The
  wrists may only feel mildly sore or may feel no
  pain at all. The following warning signs serve as
  a signal that ergonomic stressors are present and
  need to be corrected.
• Lingering symptoms such as...
• Discomfort - pain. If it wakes you up at night,
  follows you home, or appears as soon as you get
  to work, take notice!
• Tingling - numbness.
• Burning
• Swelling
• Change in color
• Tightness, loss of flexibility

93
Ergonomic Stressors Related to MSDs

• Ergonomics is the scientific discipline
  concerned with the understanding of the
  interactions among human and other elements of a
  system. The goal of ergonomics is to find ways to
  arrange the workstation, work tools and work
  practices to minimize potential for
  musculoskeletal disorders.
• Ergonomics is concerned with eliminating or
  minimizing the following Ergonomic Stressors
  found in routine tasks
• Force High force tasks involve heavy exertion
  for the muscles involved.
• Repetition performing the same movements over
  and over with little change in motions or muscle
  use.
• Extreme/Awkward/Static Postures Prolonged or
  repeated time spent holding joints in an awkward
  or fixed position.

94
Safe Lifting

• By age 50, approximately 85 of Americans have
  had one or more episodes of back pain. In
  working-age adults, back problems are the most
  frequent cause of activity limitations. Lifting
  incorrectly can increase the risk of developing a
  back injury.
• Remember the section on musculoskeletal
  disorders? If small tears build up in our tissues
  faster than they can heal, an MSD can result.
  This is how many back injuries are thought to
  occur. Tiny cracks develop in the shock-absorbing
  spinal disks between vertebrae during lifting.
  Too much lifting, especially incorrect lifting,
  can cause those cracks to build up faster than
  the disk can heal until the disk starts to buldge
  or rupture. Force on the spine creates those
  tears. The more force, the more likely a tear
  will occur.

95
Safe Lifting (contd)

• Careful, there's a trick to the whole "force"
  idea! Take a look at the picture. Think of your
  back as a teeter-totter with the spine as the
  pivot point. In order to balance the
  teeter-totter the muscles in your back (the red
  arrow) have to produce much more force than the
  20 lbs the load weighs (blue arrow). This is
  because the force exerted times the distance from
  the pivot have to be equal for both sides. Don't
  worry about the exact math, just know that the
  closer you can get the load to yourself, the less
  your back will have to work.
• One more thing, the spine is weakest when you
  twist (ie, it takes less force to damage it) and
  also when you bend.
• The next few slides use those principals (keep
  the load close, spine weakest in twisting/bending
  and general safety) to demonstrate good lifting
  techniques.

96
Pre-Lift

• Remember
• If it looks heavy or awkward, it probably is ask
  someone to help you, or use a mechanical lift
• Think about the distance and height to the
  destination before lifting
• Do not carry more than 30 pounds by yourself
• Get help for objects with a width 18 inches or
  greater
• If possible, break the load down and make several
  trips with more manageable loads

97
Lift

• Remember
• Feet shoulder width apart
• Crouch not stoop
• Get a good grip on the object
• Keep the object close to your body
• As you grip the load, keep your back straight,
  shoulders back, and stick your buttocks out.
• Let you legs push your body up slowly and
  smoothly, no jerking motions.

98
Carry and Placement

• Precautions to take when carrying and setting a
  load down
• Elbows close to your side and at right angles
• Move smoothly avoiding quick movements
• No twisting while lifting or carrying, move your
  feet to pivot
• Set the load down
• squat down
• bending at the hips and knees
• keep your lower back arched inwards

99
Technique for the Occasional Lifter

• Stand close to the load, and get a good grip on
  the object.
• Bend your knees not your back!
• Let your legs do the lifting.

100
The Right Tools for the Job

• Sometimes you will encounter objects that are
  too heavy, large, or oddly shaped for you to
  safely lift unassisted. Look for tools you can
  use to help you with the lift or take the time to
  get someone to help with the lifting. In some
  situations (reaching into a deep bin for example)
  it may not be possible to use the ideal lifting
  technique. In those situations it is more
  important to bring the load close to you than to
  bend the knees.

101
Awkward Places

• If you must lift or lower from a high place
• Stand on a platform instead of a ladder
• Lift the load in smaller pieces if possible
• Push the load to see how heavy and stable it is
• Slide the load as close to yourself as possible
  before lifting up or down
• Get help when needed to avoid an injury

102
How to Let the Right People Know

• If you are experiencing any of these warning
  signs, you should immediately
• Report the symptoms to your supervisor
• Complete the Workers' Compensation Forms
• Be evaluated at the UEOHC [phone]
• The UEOHC will contact the EHS Ergonomist,
  explain the symptoms and request an ergonomic
  evaluation of your workstation. The Ergonomist
  will make recommendations that includes specific
  work strategy controls.

103

• Workplace SafetyPhone 919.962.5507Web
  www.ehs.unc.edu

1120 Estes Drive Ext. Campus Box 1650 Chapel
Hill, NC, 27599