IRIS Biometric for Person Identification

1
IRIS Biometric for Person
Identification

• 
  
  By
• 
  
  Lakshmi Supriya.D
• 
  
  M.Tech 04IT6002
• 
  
  Dept. of Information Technology

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• What are Biometrics?
• Why are Biometrics used?
• How Biometrics is today?

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Iris

• Iris is the area of the eye where the pigmented
  or colored circle,usually brown, blue, rings the
  dark pupil of the eye.

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Example of iris
Normal Eye
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Example of 10 Different People Iris
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Exciting Biometrics

• Fingerprint Recognition
• Voice Recognition
• Signature Recognition
• Face Recognition
• Palm Recognition

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Fingerprint Recognition

• This relies on the fact that a fingerprints
  uniqueness can be defined by analyzing the
  minutiae of a human being.
• Two individuals having the same fingerprint is
  less than one in a billion.

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Voice Recognition

• The person to be identified is usually pronounce
  a designated password or phrase, which
  facilitates the verification process.
• But has the weakness of technology

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Signature Recognition

• This is done by analyzing the shape, speed,
  stroke, pen pressure and timing information
  during the act of signing.
• Dynamic signature verification is a replacement.

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Face Recognition

• To identify any person we generally look at face
  and eyes in particular seem to tell a story how
  the person feels.
• Face recognition is a kind of electronic unmasking

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Palm Recognition

• The image of the hand is collected and the
  feature vectors are extracted and compared with
  the database feature vectors.

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Iris Recognition systems

• The iris-scan process begins with a photograph. A
  specialized camera, typically very close to the
  subject, not more than three feet, uses an
  infrared imager to illuminate the eye and capture
  a very high-resolution photograph. This process
  takes 1 to 2 seconds.

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Creating an Iris code

• The picture of eye first is processed by software
  that localizes the inner and outer boundaries of
  the iris.
• And it is encoded by image-processing
  technologies.

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Iris recognition

• In less than few seconds, even on a database of
  millions of records, the iris code template
  generated from a live image is compared to
  previously enrolled ones to see if it matches to
  any of them.

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Major characteristics of iris recognition

• Iris is thin membrane on the interior of the
  eyeball.
• Iris pattern remains unchanged after the age of
  two and does not degrade overtime or with the
  environment.
• Iris patterns are extremely complex than other
  biometric patterns

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Typical iris system configuration for taking a
picture

• An iris recognition camera takes a black and
  white picture from 5 to 24 inches away.
• The camera uses non-invasive, near-infrared
  illumination that is barely visible and very
  safe.
• And this iris recognition cannot take place
  without the person permission

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Example of iris recognition system
Gate device
Management device
reference
Register
Lan
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Typical iris system configuration
Uniform distribution
Stored templates
Reject
Pre processing
Feature-extraction
Identification Verification
Accept
Iris scan 2d image capture
Iris localization
Transform representation
comparison
enrolment
Authentication
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Techniques used

• Iris Localization
• Iris Normalization
• Image Enhancement

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Iris Localization

• Both the inner boundary and the outer boundary
  of a typical iris can be taken as circles. But
  the two circles are usually not co-centric.
  Compared with the other part of the eye, the
  pupil is much darker. We detect the inner
  boundary between the pupil and the iris. The
  outer boundary of the iris is more difficult to
  detect because of the low contrast between the
  two sides of the boundary. We detect the outer
  boundary by maximizing changes of the perimeter-
  normalized along the circle. The technique is
  found to be efficient and effective.

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Iris Normalization

• The size of the pupil may change due to the
  variation of the illumination and the associated
  elastic deformations in the iris texture may
  interface with the results of pattern matching.
  For the purpose of accurate texture analysis, it
  is necessary to compensate this deformation.
  Since both the inner and outer boundaries of the
  iris have been detected, it is easy to map the
  iris ring to a rectangular block of texture of a
  fixed size.

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Image Enhancement

• The original image has low contrast and may have
  non-uniform illumination caused by the position
  of the light source. These may impair the result
  of the texture analysis. We enhance the iris
  image reduce the effect of non-uniform
  illumination.

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Iris preprocessing (a) original eye (b) iris
localization ( c ) iris
normalization (d) image enhancement
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Comparison Of Iris Recognition With Other
Biometrics

• Accurate
• Stability
• Fast
• Scalable

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Comparison
MisIdentific--ation rate
Security
Applications
Method
Coded Pattern
1/1,200,000
Iris pattern
High
high-security
Iris
fingerprints
Fingerprint
Medium
1/1,000
Universal
Voice characteristics
voice
Low
1/30
Telephone service
Shape of letters, writing Order, pen pressure
Signature
Low
Low-security
1/100
Outline, shape distribution of eyes, nose
Face
Low
Low-security
1/100
size, length, thickness hands
Low
Palm
Low-security
1/700
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Analysis

• Current Uses
• Future Uses

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References

• Y.Zhu,T.Tan and Y.Wang,Biometric Identification
  Based on Iris Pattern.
• Anil K Jain,Biometric Authentication How Do I
  Know Who You Are.
• D Maltoni, D.Maio, Anil K Jain, and S
  prabhakarHandbook of Finger print Recognition.