Marsport Deployable Greenhouse

1
Marsport Deployable Greenhouse

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

Presenters Bryan Rivard Cara Haney
Domenick Roma Paul Germain Yan Liu
2
What is The Odysseus Team?

• Founded in 1998
• 13 undergraduate engineers
• Space exploration design
• Past projects
• Marsport 2001
• Europa surface probe

3
Why A Deployable Greenhouse?

• Long Term Benefit
• Human Curiosity
• Scientific Discovery
• Infrastructure for Future Mars Colonization
• Short Term Benefit
• Low Gravity Plant Research
• Food Supplement for Manned Missions
• Positive Psychological Effects for Manned
  Missions

4
System Layout

• Main Components
• Mars Ascent Vehicle
• Power Plant
• In-Situ Resource Utilization
• Mars Cryogens Consumables Station
• Habitat
• MDG

5
Internal and External Structure

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

6
Conceptual Schematics of Design Candidates
Rigid-Composite
Screw Design
Collapsible-Inflatable
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Structural Design Decision Matrix
Design Options
Design Criteria
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Design of Internal Structure

• Titanium Alloy I-Beam Structure
• Vertical Load Bearing
• Horizontal flooring supports
• Spring supported substructure
• Completely Self-Supported

9
Internal Structure Parameters

• Internal structure mass 7462 kg
• Structural Integrity
• I-Beam bending F.S. 1.2
• Buckling F.S.
• Materials
• Titanium Alloys
• High strength-to-weight ratio
• High corrosion resistance
• Dimensions
• Height 7.735m
• Diameter 9m

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Outer Shell Schematic
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Outer Shell Parameters

• Shell mass 4010.5 kg
• Structural Integrity
• Pressure F.S. 5
• Panel Buckling F.S. 2.15
• Compressive Strength 1.2 MPa
• Materials (Hexcel composites)
• Facing Material Epoxy Woven Carbon
• Honeycomb Core HRH10 Nomex (Aramid) 32-density

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Interior Schematic

• Floor space
• 40m2 growing area per sublevel
• 2 sublevels per floor
• 15m2 storage/lab area per floor
• Plant Growing Area
• Stowable/Removable trays
• Functionality

13
Internal Operations

• Accessibility
• Elevator
• Ladder
• Airlocks
• Harvesting System
• Composite H/C Sandwich Floor Panels

14
Plant Selection and Growth

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

Presenter Cara Haney
15
Considerations in Crop Selection

• Principal crops (soybeans, wheat, potatoes)
  should provide the majority of nutrition.
• Remainder of the crops should be things that
  people enjoy eating.
• Plants with similar requirements should be
  grouped together.
• One quarter of the growing space (38 m2) will be
  reserved for research.

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Selected Crops and Growth Requirements
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Available Nutrients From Selected Crops

• Available nutrients were calculated based on crop
  yields, amount of growing space, and nutritional
  content of each crop.
• Crew will have adequate amounts of protein,
  carbohydrates, fiber, Vitamins A and C.
• Diet is deficient in calories, fat, and possibly
  other nutrients such as calcium that are not
  highly available in fruits and vegetables

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Floor Layout Zone 4
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Floor Layout Zone 3
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Floor Layout Zone 2
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Research Space and Equipment

• One entire level (zone 1) will be allotted for
  research
• The center of each level will be used for
  research, propagation and storage
• Compost bins will be available if the crew
  chooses to grow in compost instead of aeroponics

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Growing Media Decision Matrix
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Reproduction and Propagation

• Air Jets will be installed in the walls behind
  plants that require pollination
• If seeds are going to be used to start the next
  season of crops, crops will be pollinated by hand
  or seeds will be brought along.
• Legumes are self-pollinated.
• At least two propagation methods can be used for
  each crop

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Crop Selection

• Crops should provide nutrition and improve
  quality of life
• Ideal crop qualities
• Crop should be engineered or bred to deal with
  specific issues on Mars (such as lessoned
  gravity)
• In selecting crops, they were assumed to be as
  they are now.

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Crop Selection

• Wheat, soybeans, and potatoes were selected as
  the three principal crops

• 10 m2 of both peanuts and cabbage will be grown.
  20 m2 of additional space will be reserved for
  research purposes

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Popularity of Crops
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Popularity of Spices
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Plant Requirements

• Light, CO2 and Temperature all interact to
  regulate many aspects of plant physiology.
• Each plant has different requirements so each
  plant will need its own set of sensors
• and controls

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Growing Media
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Reproduction and Propagation

• Bees for pollination
• Propagation options
• Long-term seed storage
• Cuttings
• Bulbs / tubers
• Cell culture

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Water and Atmosphere Systems

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

Presenter Domenick Roma
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Water System

• Growing Medium
• Soil
• Hydroponics
• Types of hydroponics
• Aeroponics
• Treatment Options
• Individual
• Centralized

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Water System
34
Atmosphere

• Humidity
• Wind Simulation
• Heating System
• Habitat Atmospheric Recycling System

35
Atmosphere

• Atmospheric Control System
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen/Argon
• Carbon Dioxide
• Ethylene

36
Lighting Systems

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

Presenter Paul Germain
37
Plant Light Requirements

• Light Preferences (per day)

• 1000-10000 Lux
• 1.2 million Lumens
• 100-200 umol/m2s
• Blue (400-500nm) controls leaf and stem
  development
• Red (600-700nm) controls flower and seed
  production

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Sunlight on Mars

• 1/2 as powerful as on Earth
• On clear day 30 of light is scattered
• Most days (dust clouds, storms) 99 of light is
  scattered and unusable
• Sun only complicate the design and collectors add
  mass

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Artificial Light Sources
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Artificial Light Systems

• Sulfur Fiber-Optic Light System
• Sulfur Light Pipe System
• LED Array System

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RF Sulfur Fiber Optic Lighting System
Parabolic Reflector
Flange (3)
Fiber Optic Shell
Fiber Optic
Cables to Plants
Sulfur
Lamp
Secondary Concentrator
Radiation Shield
Primary Concentrator
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RF Sulfur Fiber Optic Lighting System
Fiber Optic Cables
Diffuser

• Requirements
• 8 -10 of the 1500 W Sulfur bulbs
• 185 fiber optic cables

Reflective Surface
Plant Growth Area
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RF Sulfur Light-Pipe Lighting System

• Two light-pipe rings
• Same light requirement as fiber optic system
• Less mass, no wires, less complicated
• Currently only 60 Efficient

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LED Lighting System

• SNAP-LITE
• Combinations of red (670nm) and blue (470nm) LEDs
  create variable light output
• 1000 units per level

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LED Lighting System

• Disadvantages
• Many electrical wires makes control system more
  complicated
• Humidity could be a problem
• Mass could be an issue
• Plants appear black

46
Light Systems Mass and Power Totals
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Sensors And Control Systems

• Preliminary Design Review
• Cornell University
• Odysseus Team

Presenter Yan Liu
48
Control Systems

• Lighting system
• Water system
• Atmosphere
• Heating System

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Desired Characteristics in Sensors

• Long Lifetime
• Low maintenance / little calibration
• Durable

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Design Options

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Gas Sensors

• Infrared Sensor
• Long life, little calibration (every 3 years)
• Semiconductor Sensor
• Long life
• Catalytic Bead Sensor
• Lifetime of 2-4 years
• Electrochemical Sensor
• Lifetime of 3 years (even in storage)

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Gas Monitoring

• Infrared Sensor
• Oxygen, carbon dioxide, combustible hydrocarbons
• Semiconductor Sensor
• Carbon monoxide, combustible hydrocarbons
• Catalytic Bead
• Hydrogen, ethylene

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Hydroponic Sensor

• Water pH sensor
• Salinity sensor
• Sensors for monitoring each nutrient NOT
  applicable

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Other Sensors

• Temperature
• Thermal couples and thermistors
• Pressure
• Digital barometer
• Humidity

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Communication

• Take advantage of Mars Network
• Higher data and connectivity rates
• Maintain near-continuous contact especially
  during manned portion

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Contacting Us
Email odysseus-l_at_cornell.edu Web
www.mae.cornell.edu/europa