Barbara N' McKee

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Technological ForesightThe Sustainable Use of
Coal

• Barbara N. McKee
• Director, Office of Coal and Power Import Export
• United States Department of Energy
• Stavanger, Norway
• May 26, 2004

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Sustainability the driving force for innovation
in 21st century coal technology
Economic Development
Environmental Protection
Social Development
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Most growth in energy use will unavoidably be
fossil energy, including coal
Oil 37.8
Coal 23.6
Renewables 6.4
2000
Gas 27.5
Nuclear 4.6
Nuclear 4.6
9179 Mtoe
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Fossil fuels provide 88.
2030
15267 Mtoe
Oil 39.3
Fossil fuels provide 89.
Coal 25.6
Renewables 5.0
Gas 22.7
Nuclear 7.3
Source World Energy Outlook 2002, p. 410.
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Why Coal?

• Fossil

Fuels
Flexible
Low-cost
Obtainable
Immediate
Sufficient
Securable
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Coal Use is projected to increase throughout the
world from 2000 to 2030.
World Coal Use by Sector, 2000 and 2030 (Mtoe)
Source World Energy Outlook 2002, p. 410.
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Meeting the Challenge with TechnologyIncreasing
Efficiency with Coal
Efficiency
but each new power plant must and can also be
cleaner.
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Tampa Electric (TECO) Clean Coal ProjectA New
Path to Clean Air
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U.S. Multi-pollutant Regulatory Approach

• Presidents National Energy Policy addresses
  three types of pollutants emanating from electric
  power generators SO2, NOx, and mercury.
• Goal is for EPA to develop an effective
  market-based program that encourages industry
  compliance.

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FutureGen
The worlds first power plant to

• Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal
• Emit virtually no air pollutants
• Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide.

Objective FutureGen will be an international
test facility for breakthrough technologies that
address three key concerns (1) Hydrogen, (2)
Local Pollutants , (3) Climate Change
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Converting Coal into Gas is Key

• 99 of Clear Skies pollutants (sulfur, nitrogen,
  and mercury) can be cleaned from gasified coal
• Hydrogen is a primary product
• Carbon gases are in concentrated form for easier
  capture and sequestration.

Oxygen (from air)
Hydrogen Carbon Gases (CO2, CO)
Coal

• No coal-to-gas plant in the world today is
  configured to optimize hydrogen production
  or to capture carbon. The FutureGen prototype
  plant would be the worlds first.

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FutureGen The Worlds Most Energy-Efficient
Power Plant
2015
2013
100
Adding Co-Product Production
90
80
Adding Fuel Cell/ Turbine
70
Initial Plant
60
50
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Boosting power plant efficiencies is first step
toward reducing greenhouse gases
40
40
30
30
20
20
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10
0
0
Todays Coal Plant
FutureGen Plant
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(No Transcript)
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The CSLF An international climate change
initiative

• Focus Development of carbon capture and storage
  technologies
• Goal Long-term stabilization of atmospheric
  greenhouse gases.
• Method Coordinated research and development with
  international partners and private industry.
• Charter Signed June 24, 2003, Washington DC by
  13 countries and the European Commission. (Two
  more countries subsequently signed the Charter)

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CSLF Members

• Australia
• Brazil
• Canada
• China
• Colombia
• European Commission
• Germany
• India

• Italy
• Japan
• Mexico
• Norway
• Russian Federation
• South Africa
• United Kingdom
• United States

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CSLF Structure
Member Countries
Ministers
Policy Working Group
Chair United States
Technical Working Group
Chair United States
Vice Chair Australia
Vice Chair Italy
Vice Chair Canada
Vice Chair Norway
Task Forces
Legal, regulatory and financial issues
Stakeholder Development
Secretariat
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Policy Group Activity

• National and International Legal and Regulatory
  Issues
• Attracting Financing for Sequestration Projects
• Public Perceptions and Awareness Programs
• Active Involvement of Developing Countries
• Participation of Stakeholders

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Technical Group Activity

• Needs identified at the inaugural meeting
• - Development of a comprehensive technology
  roadmap
• - Inventory of RD activities of members and
  other international entities
• - Determination of key technical obstacles
  regarding inventoried RD activities
• - Identification of potential multilateral
  collaboration opportunities on carbon capture
  and storage
• - Prioritization of potential sequestration
  areas requiring additional research
• - Development of a CSLF Website and Database

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Upcoming Meetings

• Policy and Technical Groups to meet twice a
  year.
• Ministerial-level meetings to take place every
  two years.
• Legal Issues Workshop July 12-13, 2004, in
  Paris, France
• Legal Issues Task Force Meeting July 14, 2004,
  in London, U.K.
• Regulatory and Financial Issues Workshop July
  15-16, 2004, in London, U.K
• Technology Roadmap Ad hoc Task Force meeting on
  August 20, 2004 in Brazil.

CSLF Ministerial-level Meeting Melbourne,
Australia September, 2004
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Zero Emissions Technologies (ZETs)

• ZETs are innovative new energy technologies in
  which all inputs are used in the final product or
  converted into value-added inputs to other
  processes.
• ZETs are envisioned for
• power generation,
• oil and gas production, and
• industrial energy utilization.
• ZETs are feasible and may be developed and
  deployed over the next two decades.
• Deployment will require considerable RDD.

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IEA ASIA PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON ZERO EMISSIONS
TECHNOLOGY
Broadbeach, Queensland
Australia 17 19 February, 2004
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ZETs Conference Conclusions

• To stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations would
  require deep cuts in emissions beyond the
  capabilities of existing technologies
• ? A zero-emission world inevitably includes
  improving the technology and economics of CO2
  capture and storage
• RD and deployment must be logically sequenced.
• In the near term address emissions from existing
  plants
• Pursue a vigorous RD program for new
  technologies.
• As RD bears fruit, commence and accelerate
  deployment

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ZETs Conference Conclusions (continued)

• ? Successful deployment requires
• Policy attention by governments
• Substantial resources for RDD
• Strong RD partnerships involving government and
  industry
• International cooperation will be critical
• Navigating the ZETs journey
• Delivering the results efficiently
• Communicating with policymakers
• Enabling effective public debate.

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Energy Poverty A Global Problem
1.6 billion people with no access to electricity,
64 in Asia-Pacific Region. 2.4 billion people
with no commercial energy, 73 in Asia-Pacific
Region. IEA World Energy Outlook
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Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
Global Energy Foresight
Thank you for your attention
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