BRANCHIA APPARATUS

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BRANCHIA APPARATUS
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Branchial Apparatus Gr. Branchia - gill

• 1. Branchial (pharyngeal) arches 6 ???
  (?????? 5 ???????)
• 2. Branchial grooves (clefts) ???????????
  arches
• 3. Pharyngeal pouchs ???? (?????????????)
• 4. Phryngeal membranes

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First Branchial Arch

• 1. Maxillary process (prominence)
• gt Maxilla, zygomatic bone, squamous part of
  temporal bone
• 3. Mandibular process
• gt Mandible, malleus incus
• gt Mastication muscles
• Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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Second Branchial (Hyoid) Arch

• 1. Muscles of fecial expression
• 2. Stapes ??? upper part of body and lesser
  cornu of hyoid bone
• 3. Facial nerve (CN VII)

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Third Branchial Arch

• 1. Stylopharyngeus
• 2. Lower part of body and lesser cornu of hyoid
  bone
• 3. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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Forth and Sixth Branchial Arches

• 1. Constrictor muscles of pharynx ??? intrinsic
  muscles of larynx
• 2. Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate ???
  cuneoform
• 3. Vagus nerve (CN X) superior laryngeal
  recurrent laryngeal nerves

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First Branchial Groove Membrane

• 1st branchial groove gt external auditory meatus
• Hillock ??????? groove gt auricle / pinna
• 1st branchial membrnae gt typanic membrane

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2nd, 3rd 4th Branchial Grooves

• 2nd branchial arch ????????? 3rd 4th branchial
  arches gt cervical sinus

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First Pharyngeal Pouch

• ????????????? tubotympanic recess
• gt ??????????? (tympanic cavity)
• gt Auditory (Eustachian) tube
• gt Mastoid antrum

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Second Pharyngeal Pouch

• Endoderm gt palatine tonsil
• 2nd pharyngeal pouch gt crypts of palatine tonsil

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Third Pharyngeal Pouch

• Endoderm of dorsal portion gt inferior
  parathyroid (III) gland
• Endoderm of ventral portion gt thymus gland

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Forth Pharyngeal Pouch

• Endoderm of dorsal portion gt superior
  parathyroid (IV) gland
• Endoderm of ventral portion ?????????
  ultimobranchial body ?????????? thyroid gland gt
  C-cells / parafollicular cells

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Development of Thyroid Gland
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Development of Face Facial Swellings
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Development of Lips Nose
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Development of Lips Nose
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Development of Lips Nose
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Cleft Lips
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Development of Palate
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Development of Palate
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Cleft Palate
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Development of Palate

• Medial nasal prominences gt primitive palate
  (median palatine process
• Maxillary prominences gt lateral palatine
  processes (palatine shelves)
• Ossification within secondary palates

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Development of Tongue

• Median tongue bud (tuberculum impar)
  ????????????????????????????
• Distal lingual buds (lateral lingual swellings)
  gt anterior 2/3 (oral) part
• Hypobranchial eminence ????????? copula gt
  posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal) part
• Terminal sulcus ??????????????

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Development of Tongue
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Development of Teeth

• 1. Dental lamina bud stage
• gt Ectoderm ??????????????????? dental lamina
• gt Dental lamina ?????????????? tooth bud

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Development of Teeth Dental Lamina Budding Stage
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Development of Teeth Cap Stage

• gt Mesenchyme (dental papilla) ????????????
  tooth bud (gt dentin dental pulp)
• gt Ectoderm ??????????? cap-shaped
  ?????????????? inner out enamel epithelia
  (???????????? enamel reticula)
• gt Mesenchyme ?????????? ? ???????? dental sac
  (gt cementum periodontal ligament)

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Development of Teeth Cap Stage
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Development of Teeth Bell Stage

• gt Mesenchyme ??? dental papilla ????????? inner
  enamel epithelium gt odontoblasts
• gt Odontoblast ????? predentin (????? ossify
  ?????????? dentin)
• gt Inner enamel epithelial cells ?????????????
  ameloblasts (????? enamel)

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Development of Teeth Bell Stage
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Development of Teeth Bell Stage
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Development of Teeth