Prof. Dr. Bekir SALIH

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Hacettepe University, Department of
Chemistry ANKARA-TURKEY
SPECIFICALLY LEAD REMOVAL FROM DRINKING, LAKE AND
SEA-WATER BY LEAD IONOPHORE MODIFIED POLYMERS

• Prof. Dr. Bekir SALIH

http//www.sareg.hacettepe.edu.tr bekir_at_hacettepe.
edu.tr
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OUTLINE

• THEORETICAL INFORMATIONS
• SOURCE OF TOXIC METALS
• DETECTION OF METAL IONS
• SEPERATIONS
• PRE-CONCENTRATION, MATRIX ELIMINATION AND
  RECOVERY
• REMOVAL
• EXPERIMENTAL
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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• TOXIC HEAVY METALS
• Coal Combustion
• Sewage Waste Water
• Automobile Exhaust
• Battery Industry
• Mining Activities
• Fossil Fuels

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In human body Trace metals toxic non toxic
but non essential essential for life
processes Biological molecules such as proteins,
enzymes and DNA have specific structures and
certain components that are essential for their
roles.
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• If a metal ion binds to the amino acids of a
  protein, the resulting metal-protein complex may
  lack the protein's original biological activity
• One metal may also substitute for another
  similar metal. This can lead to alterations in
  that protein that can have toxic consequences.
• Metal ions can also remove an electron from the
  amino acids of a protein in a redox reaction that
  disrupts its ability to carry out its biological
  function.

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Binding form Long term effects Accumulation of
metals in biological media more important than
the total concentrations of these metals Because
of the different toxicity of metal ions and their
complexes and species, Separation and
spectrometric detection (GF-AAS, ICP, ICP-MS) at
low levels are required.
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• SEPARATION PRE-CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES
• Adsorption
• Co-precipitation
• Cation/anion exchange
• Complexation or Chelatation
• Oxidation/reduction
• Liquid-liquid extraction

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Separation of metals and their complexes and
also different oxidation species Combination of
chromatographic techniques Liquid
Chromatography (LC HPLC and GPC) Gas
Chromatography (GC) Electrophoretic
Separation Techniques Two Dimensional
Polyacrylamide (2-D PAGE) Capillary Zone
Electrophoresis (CZE or CE)
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DETECTION OF METAL IONS AT LOW CONCENTRATION
Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
(GF-AAS) Atomic Emission Spectrometry
(AES) Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Neutron Activation Analysis
(NAA) Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) Electro Spray
Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)
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• HYDROGELS
• Hydrogels are cross-linked and swellable
  polymers, and they are very convenient polymeric
  sorbents for removal, separation and
  pre-concentration of metal ions.
• They have three-dimensional network structure,
  containing hydrophilic functional groups and are
  not dissolved in water but swell more than 95
• They have lots of analytical and clinical
  applications, such as, controlled release,
  contact lenses, drug delivery systems and
  selectively binding to some species (i.e., metal
  ions, proteins, enzymes and some organic
  pollutants).

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RADIATION POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUE Easy process
control, Possibility of joining hydrogel
formation and sterilization in one technological
step, No necessity to add any initiators and
cross linkers, possibly harmful or difficult to
remove, No waste, Relatively low running cost
for the using irradiation technique.
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EXPERIMENTAL
Synthesis of Poly(NHMMA-Pb-IONOPHORE) Hydrogels
Adsorption Desorption Reuse
Pre-concentration Recovery of Pb(II)
Ions Different aqueous samples Selectivity
of the hydrogels for Lead ion in the presence
of the other ions
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Swelling of hydrogels for different irradiation
doses
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(No Transcript)
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pH effect on Pb(II) adsorption onto the hydrogels
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Initial Pb(II) concentration effect for adsorption
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Adsorption time of Pb(II) on the
hydrogelsadsorption
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Reuse of the hydrogels
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Selectivity of the hydrogels to Pb(II) ions
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Matrix effect for Pb(II) adsorption onto the
hydrogels
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Direct measurement by GF-AAS
Drinking water
Measured by GF-AAS after pre-concentrated 100-fold
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Direct measurement by GF-AAS
Lake water
Measured by GF-AAS after pre-concentrated 100-fold
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Direct measurement by GF-AAS
Tap water
Measured by GF-AAS after pre-concentrated 100-fold
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Measured by GF-AAS after adsorption-desorption
cycle (no matrix)
Direct measurement by GF-AAS
Measured by GF-AAS after pre-concentrated 100-fold
Sea water
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
? Ömür Çelikbiçak (PhD) (University of Akron) ?
Basri Gülbakan (PhD) (University of Florida) ?
Asli Öztürk (PhD) ? Burak Tiftik (PhD)
? Savas Malci (PhD) ? Cansel Tasagir
(MSc) ? Özlem Demirel (MSc) ? Mehmet Atakay
(MSc) ? Erdem Akinci (MSc) ? Ülkü Güler
(BS) ? Selim Gerislioglu (BS)