PNG 135.9 55.9 une n

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Welcome in Gdansk !
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a page from the atlas of Heveliusz

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LOC Ryszard Szczerba  (NCAC, Torun)
   Chair Slawomir Kruczkowski  (Gdansk
Hewelianum Jaroslaw Rybicki  (Gdansk
Polytechnics) Agnieszka Witkowska   (Gdansk
Polytechnics) Robert Glebocki   (University of
Gdansk) Magda Kozuchowska    (NCAC, Warsaw)
Slawomir Górny  (NCAC, Torun) Jerzy Borkowski
   (NCAC, Torun) Natasza Siódmiak  (NCAC,
Torun) Marta Pulecka     (NCAC, Torun)  
deceased in February 2005 SOC Grazyna Stasinska
   (France)    Chair Bruce Balick
   (US) Corinne Charbonnel    (France) Robin
Ciardullo    (US) Romano Corradi
   (Spain) Bohdan Paczynski    (US/Poland) Miria
m Pena    (Mexico) Peter Storey    (UK) Monica
Tosi    (Italy) Romuald Tylenda
   (Poland) Klaus Werner    (Germany) SPONSORS La
boratoire Européen Associé Astronomie
Pologne-France Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical
Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Paris
Observatory City of Gdansk Gdansk Polytechnics
The Polish Astronomical Society Hewelianum
TeleAdreson

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Social programme
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Social programme
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William Herschel

• 1784 he produced a general catalogue of 2500
  nebular objectsfor which he proposed a
  classification. One of the classes he named
  planetary nebulae
• 1790, he discovered a planetary nebula which he
  describes in this way " A most singular
  phenomenon! A star of about 8th magnitude with a
  faint luminous atmosphere, of circular form, and
  about 3 minutes in diameter. The star is
  perfectly in the center and the atmosphere is so
  delicate, faint and equally throughout that there
  can be no surmise of its consisting of stars nor
  can there be a doubt of the evident connection
  between the atmosphere and the star".
• This was published in a paper for the
  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Astronomy
  in 1791, with the title "On Nebulous Stars,
  Properly So Called 

NGC 1514
Thus, William Herschel had come to the conclusion
that planetary nebulae were nebulous material
around a star. Yet we still call them
planetary nebulae !
HST view
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William Herschel

• 1784 he produced a general catalogue of 2500
  nebular objectsfor which he proposed a
  classification. One of the classes he named
  planetary nebulae
• 1790, he discovered a planetary nebula which he
  describes in this way " A most singular
  phenomenon! A star of about 8th magnitude with a
  faint luminous atmosphere, of circular form, and
  about 3 minutes in diameter. The star is
  perfectly in the center and the atmosphere is so
  delicate, faint and equally throughout that there
  can be no surmise of its consisting of stars nor
  can there be a doubt of the evident connection
  between the atmosphere and the star".
• This was published in a paper for the
  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Astronomy
  in 1791, with the title "On Nebulous Stars,
  Properly So Called 
• Before turning to Astronomy, he had been an
  organist and composed music.

NGC 1514
Thus, William Herschel had come to the conclusion
that planetary nebulae were nebulous material
around a star. Yet we still call them
planetary nebulae !
HST view
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Planetary nebulae as astronomical Tools

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outreach !





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In the New York Times 1996

• black hole 690
• big bang 826
• galaxy 1746
• supernova 186
• quasars 86
• planetary nebulae 4

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