Nothing%20but%20MUSCLES!!!

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Nothing but MUSCLES!!!

• By Sara Maricle

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Objectives

• 1. Describe similarities and differences in the
  structure and function of the three types of
  muscle tissue.
• 2. Indicate where the three types of muscle
  tissue are found in the body.
• 3. Define muscular system.
• 4. Define and explain the role of the following
• endomysium
• perimysium
• epimysium
• tendon
• aponeurosis
• 5. Describe the microscopic structure of skeletal
  muscle.
• 6. Explain the role of actin- and
  myosin-containing myofilaments.
• 7. Describe how an action potential is initiated
  in a muscle cell.
• 8. Describe the events of muscle cell
  contraction.

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Objectives continued

• 11. Define oxygen debt and muscle fatigue.
• 12. List possible causes of muscle fatigue.
• 13. Describe the effects of aerobic and
  resistance exercise on skeletal muscles and other
  body organs.
• 14. Define (as they relate to muscles)
• origin
• insertion
• prime mover
• antagonist
• synergist
• fixator
• 15. Demonstrate or identify the different types
  of body movements.
• 16. List some criteria used in naming muscles.
• 17. Name and locate the major muscles of the
  human body.

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Outline

• I. Overview of Muscle Tissue
•    A. Skeletal Muscle
•       1. forms the muscles attached to the
  skeleton
•       2. long, striated, and multinucleate
•       3. voluntary
•    B. Smooth Muscle
•       1. arranged in opposing layers in the walls
  of hollow organs
•       2. moves substances along internal pathways
•       3. involuntary
•    C. Cardiac Muscle
•       1. in the heart
•       2. involuntary
•    D. Function of muscle tissue
•       1. movement
•       2. posture
•       3. stabilizes joints
•       4. generates heat

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Outline continued

• II. Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
•    A. Myofibrils
•    B. Specialized ER
• III. Skeletal Muscle Activity
•    A. Motor neurons
•       1. neurotransmitter
•    B. Calcium
•    C. Stimuli of muscles
•    D. Muscle contractions
•    E. ATP
•    F. Muscle fatigue
•    G. Muscle tone

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Outline continues more

• IV. Muscle Movements, Types, Names
•    A. Two points attach to bone
•       1. Origin
•       2. Insertion
•    B. Body movements
•    C. Classifying muscles
•       1. based on general function in body
•    D. Criteria for naming muscles
•       1. size
•       2. shape
•       3. number and locations of origins
•       4. associated bones
•       5. action of the muscle
•    E. Fascicle arrangements

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Outline continues even more

• V. Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
•    A. Muscles of the head
•       1. muscles of facial expression
•       2. chewing muscles
•    B. Muscles of the trunk and head
•       1. anterior neck and trunk muscles
•       2. posterior trunk and neck muscles
•    C. Muscles of the upper limb
•    D. Muscles of the lower extremity
• VI. Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System
•    A. Muscle control
•    B. Remain healthy
•    C. Aging muscles

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Vocabulary

• 1. Endomysium- the thin connective tissue
  surrounding each muscle cell
• 2. Perimysium- the connective tissue enveloping
  bundles of muscle fibers
• 3. Fascicle- a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers
  bounded together by connective tissue
• 4. Epimysium- the sheath of fibrous connective
  tissue surrounding a muscle
• 5. Tendons- cord of dense fibrous tissue
  attaching a muscle to a bone
• 6. Skeletal Muscle- muscle composed of
  cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious
  striations the muscle(s) attached to the
  body's skeleton
• 7. Cardiac Muscle- specialized muscle of the
  heart
• 8. Smooth Muscle- muscle consisting of
  spindle-shaped, unstriped (nonstriated) muscle
  cells involuntary muscle
• 9. Sarcomeres- the smallest contractile unit of
  muscle extends from one Z disc to the next
• 10. Myofilament- filaments composing the
  myofibrils. Of two types actin and myosin

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Vocabulary continued

• 11. Sarcoplasmic reticulum- a specialized smooth
  endoplasmic reticulum
• 12. Irritability- ability to respond to a
  stimulus
• 13. Contractility- the ability to shorten
  (forcibly) when an adequate stimulus is received
• 14. Axon- neuron process that carries impulses
  away from the nerve cell body efferent process
  the conducting portion of a nerve cell
• 15. Synaptic cleft- the fluid-filled space at a
  synapse between neurons
• 16. Action potential- an electrical event
  occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity
  is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing
  sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse
  the polarity
• 17. Oxygen debt- the volume of oxygen required
  after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid
  formed during exercise
• 18. Muscle tone- sustained partial contraction of
  a muscle in response to stretch receptor
  inputs keeps the muscle healthy and ready
  to react
• 19. Origin- attachment of a muscle that remains
  relatively fixed during muscular contraction
• 20. Insertion- the movable attachment of a muscle
  as opposed to its origin

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Hot List of Links

• 1. http//health.howstuffworks.com/muscle.htm
• - Detailed description of the types of muscles,
  appearance of muscles, and how the muscles
  work.
• 2. http//www.tulloch.org/Health/Aging.htm
• - Describes what occurs when muscles age
• 3.http//www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanat
  omy/dissector/mml/mmlalpha.htm
• - Allows people to locate specific muscles of
  the human body and gives specific
  
  
  
• information on each muscle.
• 4. http//www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/m
  enu/menu.html
• - Gives tutorials on the different muscles on
  different parts of the human body and has
  practice quizzes to test knowledge
• 5. http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biolo
  gyPages/M/Muscles.html
• - Detailed description of how muscles move and
  the process of muscle movement

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Hot List of Links continued

• 6.http//www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/
  student_resources/shared_resources/animations/musc
  les/muscles.html
• - Takes you step by step through the parts of
  the human muscle
• 7. http//www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus5/ep-s
  keletal.html
• - Goes into detail about skeletal muscles.
• 8. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle
• - Gives the definition of muscles and other
  information to go along with muscles
• 9. http//www.healthline.com/galecontent/muscular-
  system
• - Describes the muscular system and parts of the
  muscular system
• 10. http//wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_ehap_8/25/6526/167
  0904.cw/index.html
• - Step by step information on the muscular system