ENG 314

1
Chapter 4

• ENG 314

2
Categories/phrases -- Functions

• S
• NP VP
• They V AP
• subject V NP fast adverbial
• ate D N
• the strawberries
• object

3
Subject and Predicate

• Manatees are large, marine mammals. They
  can live up to 60 years and can weigh up to 1200
  pounds. Their long-term survival in Florida
  is uncertain, however.

4
Subjects Not always initial

• He made no answer, and they were again
  silent till they had gone down the dance, when
  he asked her if she and her sisters did not
  very often walk to Meryton.

5
Tests (p. 62)

• a. Inversion with the AUX in Yes/No questions
• The pig from Malacandra will want to eat
  soonWill the pig from Malacandra want to eat
  soon?
• b. Agreement with the Verb/AUX
• The pfiftrigg is nice
• The pfiftriggs are nice.
• c. Tag questions
• The hross is nice, isn't he?

6
Apply to (1)

• (1) The moon has risen in the sky.

7
Special Subject there

• There are five unicorns in the parking lot.
• What is the subject?

8
Do you agree?

• Peccaries are medium-sized animals, with a
  strong superficial resemblance to pigs. Like
  pigs, they have a snout ending in a
  cartilagenous disc, and eyes that are small
  relative to their head. Also like pigs, they
  use only the middle two digits for walking,
  although, unlike pigs, the other toes can be
  altogether absent. Their stomach is
  non-ruminating, although it has three chambers,
  and is more complex than that of pigs is.
  (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccary)

9
Complements to verbs

• Direct Object
• He read the letter from Hogwarts.
• Indirect Object
• I gave Santa a letter.
• Subject Predicate
• He is pleasant.
• He is a nice person.
• He is in the garden.
• Object Predicate
• Jane considers Pride and Prejudice a classic.

10
Verbs with no complements/objects

• Arrive, go, leave, walk, swim, .

11
Verbs that have direct objects

• See, eat, read, notice, devour, build, cook,
  knit, prepare
• Verbs that have direct objects
• Give, donate, tell, award, begrudge, mail, throw
  

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Verbs with Subject Predicates

• act, appear, be, become, get, go, grow, fall,
  feel, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound,
  stay, taste, turn

13
Verbs with Object Predicates

• consider I considered Sabina very smart.
• think I thought Timber (to be) nice.
• find They found Einstein interesting.
• know I know Chandra to be nice.
• put She put snails on the table.
• place They placed a jar upon a hill.

14
Correct??
15

• (transitive irregular)
• (41) a. This chicken lays an egg every day. b. He
  laid that book on the table yesterday.
• c. I have laid the table like this for years.
• (intransitive irregular)
• (42) a. I lie down regularly.
• b. I lay down yesterday.
• c. I have lain here for hours.

16
For WED

• Names of verbs