Article

1
General Procedures for Identifying the Use of the
Participle (Original Author Unknown) Adapted by
Gary T. Meadors Composed by Scot E. Sroka
Article?
Noun Expressed?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Anarthrous Attributive?
Yes
No
Used with equative verb?
Periphrastic Mt 729 Eph 28
No
Yes
Used with Genitive?
Yes
No
Temporal?
When, After, While, Before, As Mt 42
Eph 115-16 Rev 1920
Yes
No
Manner?
In, By way of Lk 847 Acts 541
Yes
No
Means? (Instrumental)
By means of 1 Cor 412 1 Pt 56-7
Yes
No
Cause?
Because Mt 119
Yes
No
Condition?
If Lk 925
Yes
No
Concession?
Although Rom 121 1 Th 27
Normal Action of Participle in Relation to
Leading Verb
Yes
No
Purpose? (Telic)
In order to, To Lk 1025 Jn 1233
Usually Simultaneous Action Jn 137
Present?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Result?
As a result Lk 415 Eph 215
Usually antecedent action Jn 142
Aorist?
Yes
Yes
No
No
State almost always initiated before time of main
verb. 1 Jn 518
Perfect?
Attendant Circumstance?
Best expressed as a compound verb. Mt 913 Acts
1013
Yes
Yes
No
No
Complementary?
Used with verbs meaning start, stop, continue,
etc. Mt 111 Eph 116
Always Subsequent Action Jn 664
Future?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Imperatival?
Functions as an imperative Rm 129 1 Pt 218
Yes