GPS

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GPS
Made by ?? ???
??? ???
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Question 1

• Whats GPS short for?
• Global Positioning System.

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Are you familiar to GPS? And how much do you know
about it?
Well, lets introduce it to you. GPS, is the only
fully-functional satellite navigation(??) system.
More than two dozen GPS satellites broadcasts
precise timing signals by radio to GPS receivers,
allowing them to accurately determine their
location in any weather, day or night, anywhere
on Earth.
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The History Of GPS

• February 1978 ,The GPS satellites
• In 1983, after Soviet interceptor aircraft

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By 1985, more experimental Block-I satellites
.The first modern Block-II satellite . In 1992,
the 2d Space Operations Squadron by December
1993 A complete constellation of 24 satellites
In 1996, a policy
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In 1998, upgrade GPS In 2004, updated the
national policy. September 2005. The most recent
launch
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Although GPS is a system of new technology, it
develops so fast.

• The United States Department
• of Defense developed the system, officially
  named NAVSTAR GPS ,and launched the first
  experimental satellite in 1978.

Over fifty GPS satellites such as this NAVSTAR
have been launched since 1978.
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In late 2005, the first in a series of
next-generation GPS satellites was added to the
constellation, offering several new capabilities,
including a second civilian GPS signal called L2C
for enhanced accuracy and reliability. In the
coming years, additional next-generation
satellites will increase coverage of L2C and add
a third and fourth civilian signal to the system,
as well as advanced military capabilities.
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Question 2

• Which fields can GPS be used in?
• Military
• Navigation
• Mobile Satellite Communications
• Location-based services
• Location-based games
• Aircraft passengers

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This is a taxi in Tokyo, equipped with GPS
navigation. This is an example of how GPS
technology applied in routine activities.
GPS used in navigation
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GPS used in Location-based games
GPS receivers come in a variety of formats(??),
from devices integrated(???) into cars, phones,
and watches, to dedicated devices such those
shown here from manufacturers Trimble, Garmin and
Leica (respectively, left to right).
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GPS used in Aircraft passengers
Even fixed systems may use GPS, in order to get
precise time. This antenna is mounted on the roof
of a hut containing a scientific experiment
needing precise timing.
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Except for GPS, there are another systems for
global positioning
Russia operates an independent system called
GLONASS although with only twelve active
satellites as of 2004, the system is of limited
usefulness. Availability in Russia, Northern
Europe and Canada is above 90. Meaning that at
least 4 satelites are visible 90 of time, which
is notable considering GLONASS operates only 12
of 24 required satellites .
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There are plans to restore GLONASS to full
operation by 2008 with assistance from India. The
European Union is developing Galileo as an
alternative to USA owned operated GPS system. The
People's Republic of China, Israel, India,
Morocco, Saudi Arabia and South Korea joined the
EU in this project. It is planned to be
operational by 2010.
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In one word, GPS has become a vital global
utility, indispensable(????) for modern
navigation on land, sea, and air around the
world, as well as an important tool for
map-making and land surveying. GPS also provides
an extremely precise time reference, required for
telecommunications and some scientific research,
including the study of earthquakes.
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Thanks for your enjoyment