The Problem

1
The Problem

• Models of Social Services Systems The Context of
  Privatization and Contracting

2
Overview

• Concepts New Public Management Principles
• Social Services
• Re-inventing Government
• Subsidiarity
• Privatization
• Contracting Out

3
Service Delivery Systems and Categories of
Service Delivery

• Issue of size hard services or soft with
  capital or recurrent costs
• Macro--Physical Services
• Highways, Sewerage Main Lines, Electricity
• Deconcentrated or Privatized
• Micro--Physical Services
• Devolved or Delegated

4
Service Delivery Systems and Categories of
Service Delivery

• Issue of size hard services or soft with
  capital or recurrent costs
• Social Services--Health, Education or Community
  Development (such as Social Funds)
• Delegated or Contracted
• Investment or Production
• Privatized

5
Service Delivery Systems and Categories of
Service Delivery

• Private Provision
• Use of conventional Markets
• Contracts with public agencies
• Monopoly Franchises
• Management Contracts
• Vouchers
• Consumer Cooperatives

6
Alternative Service Delivery Systems
Decentralization

• Federal Relationship
• Some power lies with National Unit
• Some power lies with lower units

7
Alternative Service Delivery Systems

• Federal Relationship
• Key distinction
• Lower units cannot break away from National Unit
• National Units cannot take power away from lower
  units
• Under Federalism One can transfer additional
  authority back to sub-units but not take power
  from federated governments

8
Alternative Service Delivery Systems

• Federal Relationship
• Examples
• USA
• Canada
• Germany
• Nigeria
• India
• Russian Federation
• Austria
• Switzerland
• Malaysia

9
Alternative Service Delivery Systems

• Unitary Systems and Sub-regional units
• All power ultimately lies at national level
• Local level power is given by national level
• Power that national unit has given to local level
  can also be taken from it

10
Alternative Service Delivery Systems

• Unitary Systems and Sub-regional units
• Examples
• United Kingdom
• France
• Kenya
• Ivory Coast
• South Africa?
• Japan

11
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Concept
• Transfer of authority to a lower level of
  government
• Primary Unit of Government
• Lowest level that carries a bureaucracy with it

12
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Devolution Transfer to non-Federal political
  body
• Budget and personal authority to district and
  town councils
• Key--power lies with lower level politicians

13
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• De-concentration Transfer to non-Federal
  political body
• Transfer of authority to administrators at lower
  level within the administrative system
• Delegation
• Public Corporations or parastatals
• Privatization

14
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Program and Project Decentralization
• Sectoral - By regular line or agency within
  a Ministry
• e.g. Focused activity - seed production (Green
  Revolution)
• agricultural experiments

15
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Program and Project Decentralization
• Deconcentration or Devolution of authority to
  central level special unit
• e.g. Water, health or education projects to
  subordinate administrative or council structures
• Port authorities

16
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Program and Project Decentralization
• Inter-Ministerial Committees or Units
• Planning supervision
• Overlapping memberships, e.g. Land Use Planning

17
Forms of Decentralized Service Delivery in
Unitary Systems

• Program and Project Decentralization
• Creation of field level Special Project Units
  with semi-autonomous status
• Range Management project
• Integrated Rural Development

18
Integrated Rural Development

• Most well-known type of special project
• Special designated geographical areas
• Multitude of project activity in different
  sectors that may overlap or compliment