EnterpriseWide and InterEnterprise Systems

1
Enterprise-Wide and Inter-Enterprise Systems

• Chapter 4

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Enterprise-Wide Systems

• Software systems used throughout an enterprise
• Up to date information is available to all
  employees
• Include Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP),
  Supply Chain Management (SCM), and Customer
  Relationship Management (CRM) systems

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ERP Software

• ERP Software Solutions typically consists of
  modules such as Marketing and Sales, Field
  Service, Production, Inventory Control,
  Procurement, Distribution, Human Resources,
  Finance and Accounting.

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SCM Software
Before the Internet came along, the aspirations
of supply chain software devotees were limited to
improving their ability to predict demand from
customers and make their own supply chains run
more smoothly. But the cheap, ubiquitous nature
of the Internet, along with its simple,
universally accepted communication standards have
thrown things wide open. Now, theoretically
anyway, you can connect your supply chain with
the supply chains of your suppliers and customers
together in a single vast network that optimizes
costs and opportunities for everyone involved.
This was the reason for the B2B explosion the
idea that everyone you do business with could be
connected together into one big happy,
cooperative family.
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CRM Software

• is the software to support your business process
  to find, get and retain customers. CRM Software
  Solutions typically consist of modules such as
  Sales Force Automation, Call Management, Self
  Service.

An Example Intuitive's solutions put all the
tools your sales force needs right at their
fingertips, from opportunity management to
quoting to online sales order entry. Web-based
access to your Intuitive ERP system provides your
remote sales representatives with a powerful
tool the ability to configure products, generate
quotes and enter orders at the point of sale, as
well as the ability to look up information on
order value and status, shipments, billings and
invoice detail, and history over the Internet.
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What is ERP?

• Enterprise Resource Planning business
  management system involving all the different
  areas of a company and built around a single
  database
• Integrated software that eliminates functional
  incompatibilities
• Modules include
• human resources,
• finance,
• planning,
• manufacturing,
• inventory,
• sales and marketing

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A few ERP Vendors

• JD Edwards
• SSA Global (took over Baan)
• SAP
• Oracle (took over Peoplesoft)

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SAP

• SAP's System is the world's most-used standard
  business software for client/server computing
  networks built around a central controlling
  computer (server) which provides the computing
  power for the desktop computers (clients)
• Customers can choose from many ready-made
  business processes pre made modules
• Numerous industry-specific solutions available

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Implementation of ERP

• Major Steps to enable modules to share
  information
• Project Definition
• Operations Analysis
• Solution Design
• Build
• Transition
• Production

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Business Process ReengineeringBPRFundamental
rethinking and radical redesign of business
processes to bring about dramatic improvements in
performance.
Business process reengineering is the redesign of
business processes and the associated systems and
organizational structures to achieve a dramatic
improvement in business performance.
BPR is not - downsizing, restructuring,
reorganization, automation, new technology, etc. 
It is the examination and change of five
components of the business Strategy Processes
Technology Organization Culture
When adopting an e-business model, often the
existing business structure must be changed to
fit the new software and not the other way around.
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Implementation

• Best-of-breed (choosing the best software for
  each operation in the enterprise) versus
• All-in-one (adopting one software package and
  making the enterprise fit the software)
• What must be considered?
• What business processes must be changed to fit
  the system
• Stress testing will the hardware and software
  be able to handle the new huge system
• Timelines will the new system be in place
  without causing delays
• Staff training
• Failures
• Hershey, Millipore, Dell with SAP

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Client - Server Architecture

• Two tier ( a client-server application in which
  all the clients 1st tier- receive services
  directly from a network server 2nd tier)
• Three tier (a client-server application where
  the clients connect to a layer of application
  servers which are, in turn, connected to the
  network server.

Client computer
Client computer
Network Server
Client computer
Client computer
Client computer
Application Server
Application Server
Network Server
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Strategic ERP/Middleware

• Middleware software used to link applications
  together so data can flow uninterrupted
• eg.) Microsoft Message Queue Server (MSMQ)
• Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is the
  process of using middleware to knit applications
  together across an enterprise

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XML- (again!!!) eXtensible Markup Language

• Markup Language like HTML but can also describe
  data
• User can define new tags eg) ltdoctor namegt
• Independent of platforms, applications, data
  sources, languages, and technologies
• Tool for integration - enables data portability
  both internally and externally

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e-Business Integration

• XML is used to integrate from the Internet to the
  basic info systems of the Company
• Customer Front-office - CRM
• Supplier e-Procurement SCM
• Back-office ERP
• Internet application sends XML request to the
  source data which sends that specific data back
  to the Internet application - CGI

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Integration Considerations

• Flexible can it change with the business
• Scalable can the system expand
• Reliable is the platform stable
• Customer-focus -
• Process-based

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e-Business Integration

• Data integration
• - allows applications to work with data from
  different computing platforms, databases, and
  operating systems.

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Integration Example
U.S. Army
VentrosCollaborativeCommerce Solution
SikorskyAircraftCorp.
RD team etc
Government
Working on Comanche helicopters for the Army
Parties able to access data
Used to unite the supply chain

• Working off standard Web browser
• Global access
• Provided area to upload info including CAD models
  analysis
• Government can see all info designs
  eliminated need for formal submittals
• All researchers can access all the data every day
• Ability to catalog and cross-reference back to
  test data for reports

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Forms of Collaboration

• Collaboration with Customers (customization of
  product by customer, interactive chat rooms)
• Collaboration with Suppliers (over the Internet)
• Collaboration with Personnel (e.g. Lotus Notes)
• Collaboration with Competitors (e.g. trading
  exchanges)

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Example of Collaboration - Lotus

• Notes - their flagship product (e-mail,
  discussion, information management)
• Facilitates collaboration, coordination, and
  control
• Several more products
• Domino, Knowledge Management, Sametime
• Powerful tools like multi-lingual chat and Web
  collaboration

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Perks of Collaboration

• Sharing of information
• Increase speed of processes
• Tracking of processes
• Visibility throughout supply chain
• Eg) Suppliers see into buyers systems to view
  replenishment needs
• Let buyers see works in progress
• Catch potential problems earlier