IPv6 and Its Deployment

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IPv6 and Its Deployment

• Dipak Singh
• ERNET INDIA

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Agenda

• Problems with IPv4
• What is new in IPv6?
• What are applications which demand IPv6?
• Deployment of IPv6 in ERNET.

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Problems in IPv4

• 32-bit address space can theoretically provide
  4.3 billion unique global addresses.
• Mapping (NAT), CIDR and Proxy has extended IPv4s
  life in conjunction with private IPv4 Addresses
• No. of IP Addresses allocated to an orgnisation
  are far less than their actual requirement.
• Size of Routing Table increases with increase in
  the IP addresses.
• Complicated Header

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IPv4 Contd.

• The IPv4 protocol does not provide -
• Security
• - end to end communication security
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• - special handling for different type of traffic

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IP Datagram Header
31
0
4
8
16
19
TOTAL LENGTH
HLEN
TOS
VERS

IDENTIFICATION
FRAGMENT OFFSET
FLAG
TTL
PROTOCOL
CHECKSUM
SOURCE ADDRESS
DESTINATION ADDRESS
OPTIONS (if any) PADDING
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Why do we need a new protocol?

• Uneven distribution of IPv4 addresses in the
  world.
• India has less IPv4 Addresses than Hewlett-
  Packard (HP)
• and many other US Companies -
• India 3,042,202 (3 million)
• HP 16,581,375 (16 million)
• IPv4 Addresses will run out by 2008 to 2012.
• Applications like Mobile Computing,
  Auto-configuration and Real Time Audio Video
  etc. require end-to-end communications and hence
  unique IP Addresses for each device.

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IPv6 What is New?

• Expanded Address Space
• Address length is now 128 bits.
• 340 undecillion unique addresses (1 undecillion
  1036)
• Header format simplification
• Simplified header reduces router processing loads
• Improved Routing
• Route aggregration reduces size of routing table
• Enhanced security and QoS
• IPsec is mandated
• Improved support for mobile IP and mobile
  computing devices
• Plug Play
• Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a
  Reality

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Restoring an End-to-End Connectivity

• Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for
  any applications
• Replacing Decnet/SNA gateway
• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect
  disparate networks
• Peer to Peer Server-to-client applications mean
  global address when connected.

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IPv6 Header Format
0
4
12
16
24
31
Traffic Class
Flow Label
Vers

Next Header
Payload Length
Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
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Addressing in IPv6

• Address in IPv4 has following format
• 202.41.97.3/24
• One level of hierarchy. Net id and host id
• The one level of heirarchy has led to explosion
  of IP addresses in Internet backbone.
• IPv6 addressing has multi level of hierarchy.
• Three types of address in IPv6
• Unicast, Multicast, Anycast

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IPv6 Addressing

• Unicast
• Aggregatable Global
• Scooped Address
• Link Local
• Site Local
• Multicast
• Identifies a set of interfaces
• Multicast is used for Broadcast in IPv6.
• Anycast
• It also refers to a set of interfaces but packet
  is sent to nearest one

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Addressing in IPv6

• HEX in block of 16 bits representation
• 20010E3001020000000009C0876A130B
• Leading zeros in a field are optional
• 2001E30102009C0876A130B
• Successive fields of 0 represented as , but
  only once in an address
• 20310130F9C0876A130B
• 2031130F9C0876A130B
• 00000001 gt 1
• 00000000 gt
• IPv4-compatible address representation
• 000000192.168.30.1 192.168.30.1
  C0A81E01

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Addressing in IPv6

• Global Aggregate Address
• Link Local Address
• Site Local Address

3
13
32
64 bits
16
001
TLA
NLA
SLA
Interface ID
Interface Identifier
Public Topology
Site
Topology
10 bits
54 bits
64 bits
0
Interface ID
1111111010
64 bits
10 bits
38 bits
16 bits
1111111011
0
Interface ID
subnet ID
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Multicast Address
8 bits
4
4
112 bits
flags
scope
Group ID
11111111
Flags 000T 3 bits reserved T
0 permanent T 1 transient Scope 2 link-lo
cal 5 site-local 8 org-local E global
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Broadband Home A necessity for IPv6 !

• Home Networking
• At the heart of the digital home sits the
  Broadband access point distributing a host of
  enhanced content and services throughout the home

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Mobile Wireless Networking an IPv6 Must

• Unlicensed Band (Wi-Fi Hotspots)
• Personal mobility, High data rate
• Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,)
• Full mobility, Modest data rate

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IPv6 A Driver for the e-Economy

• With millions of new devices becoming IP aware,
  the need for increased addressing and plug play
  networking is only met with the implementation
  of IPv6

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IPv6 Market

• Education Research Networks.
• Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks, Car,...)
• Home Networking
• Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home
• Enterprise
• Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. Applications
• Service Providers

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IPv6 Deployment

• Many ways to deploy IPv6 services
• IPv6 tunnels over IPv4.
• Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6.
• Dual Stack Networks
• IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual stack routers
• Service Providers and Enterprise may have
  different deployment need.

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IPv6 over WAN Tunnels

• Manually or automatically configured tunnels.
• Tunnel source and destination(IPv4) explicitly
  configured at each node.
• Both the end nodes have to be dual stacked.

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Native IPv6

• It is like building a new IPv6 network.
• Will be a costly proposition.
• No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructure.
• IPv4 traffic can be separated from IPv6.

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Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6

• Routers and end systems should be dual stacked.
• May not necessarily apply to the overall
  infrastructure.
• Network design must be well planned
• Memory and CPU size to handle growth for IPv4
  IPv6.

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IPv6 over MPLS

• Many Service Providers have deployed IPv4 MPLS
  backbone for various reasons.
• Here IPv6 can be deployed without upgrading MPLS
  core.
• The edge routers of MPLS backbone should be dual
  stacked.
• Native IPv6 MPLS require full network upgrade.

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Establishment of IPv6 enabled Test Bed at ERNET

• To setup IPv6 Test Bed at ERNET Backbone
• Setup IPv6 Domain Name Server IPv6 Mail Server
  at all PoP locations and test Mail Services using
  IPv6.
• To Demonstrate following features -
• Plug n Play (Auto-configuration)
• Multicasting
• QoS
• Organizing an IPv6 workshop for participants from
  academia and industry.

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Infrastructure Upgradation

• Hardware IOS of Routers at 9 PoP locations
  have been upgraded to support dual stack .
• A separate IPv6 segment has been created at each
  9 POP.
• A server running Linux has been deployed at each
  9 POP exclusively for IPv6 services
• A separate domain has been created at been
  created at each POP for IPv6 services.

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Routing

• To deploy IPv6, we had following options
• Tunneling, Native IPv6 and Dual Stack
• Dual Stack of IPv4 and IPv6 has been deployed
  over ERNET backbone.
• IPv4 and IPv6 routing are running simultaneously.
• For Intra-AS routing, protocol options are
• RIP, OSPF, IS-IS
• OSPFv3 for IPv6 was deployed as OSPF for IPv4
  was already running.

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IPv6 Addressing Scheme

• The following IPv6 prefixes have been assigned to
  ERNET by APNIC 20010E30/32
• ERNET PoPs are being assigned to /40 prefixes.
• Based on the above a PoP can further distribute
  /48 addresses to its customers.(120892581961462917
  4706176)
• For example following IPv6 Addresses are proposed
  to be given for ERNET Delhi PoP users -
• Delhi University 20010E301801/48
• JNU 20010E301802/48
• Univ. of Rajasthan 20010E301803/48

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IPv6 Enabled ERNET Backbone
Delhi
Backbone IPv6 Addresses 20010E30/40
20010E3022/126
20010E305/126
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Kanpur
13
20010E306/126
Backbone Area 0
20010E3018/126
Mumbai
Kolkata
OSPFv3
20010E3057/126
198
58
Pune
Hyderabad
197
20010E30101/126
178
126
125
177
20010E30102/126
Chennai
130
129
14
IISC
137
VSAT HUB
138
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Services Deployed

• IIT Kanpur is acting as Mail Gateway for
  incoming and outgoing mails from ERNET. It is
  running on IPv4.
• The individual Mail Servers at each PoP is
  forwarding and receiving mails from Mail Gateway
  at Kanpur on IPv6.
• All Mail Servers except at Kanpur will have
  static IPv6. Mail server at Kanpur have both
  IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
• The mail transaction among mail servers within
  will be on IPv6 only.
• Multicasting across 4 POPs has been tested and it
  is being tested at remaining POPs.

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ERNET IPv6 Test Bed
IPv6/v4 dual stack segment
IPv4 segment
Delhi IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Calcutta IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
IPv4 Internet
Kanpur IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Mumbai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
UoH IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Pune IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Bangalore IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Chennai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
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Future Plans

• To run pure IPv6 traffic with GEANT, a
  Pan-European Network.
• To deploy IPv6 in Communication Fabric of Grid
  Computing.
• To offer Test bed for R D activity.

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Thank You