ACUTE EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

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ACUTE EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY IN DIABETES
MELLITUS

• D. C. MIKULECKY
• Dept. Physiology

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EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY

• INCREASED HEPATIC GLUCOSE OUTPUT FROM GLYCOGEN
  STORES
• FAT AND MUSCLE CELLS UNABLE TO TAKE UP GLUCOSE
• FALL IN TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS IN ADIPOCYTES
• INCREASED LYPOLYSIS
• FALL IN AMINO ACID UPTAKE BY CELLS
• INCREASED PROTEIN DEGRADATION

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EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY HYPERGLYCEMIA

• INCREASED HEPATIC GLUCOSE OUTPUT FROM GLYCOGEN
  STORES
• FAT AND MUSCLE CELLS UNABLE TO TAKE UP GLUCOSE

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EFFECT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA

• GLUCOSURIA
• OSMOTIC DIURESIS
• POLYURIA
• DEHYDRATION

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EFFECTS OF DEHYDRATION

• POLYDIPSIA
• CELLULAR SHRINKING
• BRAIN CELLS ARE DYSFUNCTIONAL AS A RESULT NERVOUS
  SYSTEM MALFUNCTION
• DEATH

• FALL IN BLOOD VOLUME
• PERIPHERAL CIRULATORY FAILURE
• RENAL FAILURE
• DEATH

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EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY INCREASED BLOOD
FATTY ACIDS

• FALL IN TRIGLYCERIDE SYNTHESIS IN ADIPOCYTES
• INCREASED LYPOLYSIS

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EFFECT OF INCREASED BLOOD FATTY ACIDS AND FAILURE
OF GLUCOSE TO ENTER CELLS

• UTILIZATION OF FAT AS PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE
• KETOSIS
• METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AND INCREASED VENTILATION AS A
  RESULT
• DEPRESSIVE EFFECT ON BRAIN FROM ACIDOSIS
• DIABETIC COMA
• DEATH

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EFFECTS OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY PROTEIN

• FALL IN AMINO ACID UPTAKE BY CELLS
• INCREASED PROTEIN DEGRADATION
• LOSS OF MUSCLE MASS
• WEIGHT LOSS
• AGGRIVATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA DUE TO
  GLUCONEOGENESIS