Univers Condensed Bold Oblique 30 Points

1
GEAEs USA Program
GE Aircraft Engines University Strategic Alliance
(USA) Initiative
2
Objective of the USA Program
GEAEs USA Program
Develop Teaming Relationships and Strong
Interaction with Key Universities to

• Concentrate academic expertise on solving issues
  of critical technical importance to GEAE business
  needs

• Develop Resource for Global (PTC) Outsourcing
• Advance GEAE State-of-the-Art
• Promote technology transition
• Provide channel for employing top-quality
  students
• Promote scholarship Enhance Engineering
  Education

3
GEAEs USA Program
Features of the USA Program

• Incorporates university research into
  GEAEstechnology roadmaps (i.e. business
  strategy)
• Focuses on a few key universities
• Provides long-term, formal, rolling, five-year
  commitment protection for graduate students
• Provides sufficient funding to have critical
  mass at university
• Provides reasonable (but some restriction to)
• Academic freedom
• Protection of intellectual property rights
• Publication opportunity

4
GEAEs USA Program
Criteria for Selecting Universities

• Critical mass of professional staff students
• Well-connected with industry
• Interested in our problems
• Expertise
• Renowned leadership in technical area of interest
• Produced (demonstrated) results

5
Benefits for GEAE
GEAEs USA Program

• Builds critical-mass research teams for each
  vital technology area
• Provides privileged access to university
  intellectual capability
• Concentrates research at university COEs
• Builds resource for global outsourcing
• Provides channel for employing top-quality
  students
• Enhances GEs ability to attract government
  research funds
• Allows technology advancement in downsized times

6
Benefits for Universities
GEAEs USA Program

• Provides challenging, practical MS PhD
  research projects with student pipeline
• Provides long-term commitment, improved
  financial base with protection of grad
  students tenure
• Allows access to GEAE technology base
• Enhances ability to attract/retain faculty and
  students
• Provides opportunity for close working
  relationship with GEAE technologists
• Enhances ability to attract more research funds
• Provides opportunity for sabbaticals at GEAE

7
Benefits for the State of Ohio
GEAEs USA Program
For USA Member Universities in Ohio

• Promotes synergy between Ohios universities and
  Ohios largest air-transportation employer
• Keeps researchers employed in Ohio for tax base
• Improves Ohios technology base
• Can attract additional research grants to Ohio

8
USA is Resource for Global Outsourcing
GEAEs USA Program

• Highly educated talent
• Already familiar with GEAE issues
• Existing high-quality experimental and/or
  computational capacity for working select issues
• Cost-effective Centers of Excellence

9
GEAEs USA Program
The Challenges We Face
Large Cultural Differences between Industrial
and University Objectives
Industry Makes products to sell for profit
University Educates students, Advances
science
10
Comparison
Academia vs. Industry

• Team oriented
• Where are the results?
• Can we leverage existing work?
• Does it contribute to the business?
• Is it worthwhile - financially?
• Will it make it into production?
• Lets run a test to confirm solution.
• Does this make physical sense?
• Fit a curve through the data and/or anchor an
  existing analysis.
• Is it institutionalized into system so that
  others may use it?
• Are we meeting budget, schedule?
• Customer, Customer, Customer

• Individual oriented
• Who conceived of the idea?
• Is it original work?
• Does it contribute to science?
• Is it interesting?
• Will it make archival publication?
• Lets run a test to find out.
• Does this make physical sense?
• Develop the differential equations etc. from
  first principles.
• Is it complete - from a scientific perspective?
• Ideas cant be scheduled
• Publish, Publish, Publish

USA program must balance all requirements to be
successful!
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Comparison, Contd.
Academia vs. Industry

• Be done by _________ !
• Each person follows design practice, company
  procedures, templates, uses accepted tools
• Engineering approach to solution
• Formal management process
• Identify and manage risks carefully up front
  with - Risk abatement plan - Critical
  path scheduling
• Each manager is agent for higher manager up to
  corporate shareholders
• Sell the product

• Solve the Problem
• Each faculty / student doesthings their own way
  (of course use sound scientific process).
• Physics approach to solution
• Informal management process
• Solve roadblock and schedule issues, etc. as they
  present themselves
• PIs largely in business for themselves
• Graduate the students and publish the papers

USA program must balance all requirements to be
successful!
12
GEAEs USA Program
The Toughest Issues We Face
Before contract signed
Intellectual Property Rights
After contract signed
Technology Transfer
13
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Contract Negotiation with
Universities

• Intellectual Property Rights
• Publication Rights
• Royalties Licensing Fees
• Proprietary Information
• Patents
• Selection of Student Participants

Possible Barriers to Success

• Insufficient funding
• Lack of buy-in to new process
• Impatience with time needed to create synergy

14
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Contract Negotiation with
Universities
Intellectual Property Rights
IP ownership, use rights is single
greatestimpediment to reaching contract
agreement - 1980 Bayh-Dole Act (P.L.
96-517) - Protection of our competitive
issues
15
GEAEs USA Program
Bayh-Dole Act(Patent and Trademark Act
Amendment of 1980)
Created a uniform patent policy among FEDERAL
funded research that allowed - Small business
and nonprofit organizations retain title
to inventions - Universities to retain title to
and license their inventions
16
GEAEs USA Program
Bayh-Dole Act fallout

• University Position - Generally applies
  same policies to ALL inventions
• regardless of funding source (federal or
  industrial)
• Owns all patents software developed
• using university facilities under any
  sponsored
• research agreement
• Manages all its inventions for public good
• - Industry sponsors granted first option to
  license patents arising from the research.

Company Position - Must protect competitive
position - Manage inventions for
shareholders good - Exclusive license for
technology we paid to create
17
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Negotiation with Universities
Publication Rights
GEAE encourages publication PROVIDED

• Proprietary Information is protected (our
  PI or PI findings of program) -
  Removal - Sanitized - Defer
  till patent filing
• We have review rights

Conflicts with universitys Unfettered Rights
of Publication concept
18
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Negotiation with Universities
Royalties Licensing Fees

• GEAE will not pay royalties
• Wont pay to use something we paid to create
  and patent
• Too complex to sort out contribution percentage
• Requires disclosure of GEAE financial PI

• GEAE will consider license fee
• Computer Programs developed at universities

Conflicts with new gain universities see
19
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Negotiation with Universities
Proprietary Information

• MUST BE PROTECTED - Case Closed
• Type of storage specified
• Length of time to be protected specified -
  5 to 10 years
• Option to return PI before specified time
  - does not diminish obligation to protect

Conflicts with university open research idea
20
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Negotiation with Universities
Patents

• Joint ownership where joint invention
• Some type of one-time payment to
  inventor or university
• Exclusivity wrt to gas turbine business
  - Cant allow competitor to use what we
  paid to create

Conflicts with new gain universities see
21
GEAEs USA Program
Areas of Tough Negotiation with Universities
Selection of Student Participants

• GEAE / University mutually agree on
• students assigned to USA Program
• Only USA citizens or students with Green
  Cards or Export Authorization status
• No competitors
• No dummies

Students on USA program receive full financial
support until graduation even if program
terminated
Conflicts with university policy cant
restrict who university assigns to participate in
...
22
GEAEs USA Program
Resulting Effects of these Issues

• Difficult to achieve Win-Win situation
• Forcing limitations on teaming
• Forcing us to go overseas

Quality extent of USA participation inversely
proportional to how much we must give up
23
GEAEs USA Program
Transfer of Technology from Academe to Industry

• Greatest Challenge After Contract Is Signed
• Technology must
• - Get incorporated into the product
• (e.g. via the design / analysis system) -
  Arrive in time to be used

• May need change / modification of university
  culture - What constitutes acceptable
  thesis project - Return to what
  engineering really is

24
GEAEs USA Program
Transfer of Technology

• Many systems (sockets) are in place to use
  university technology at GEAE
• The Lessons Learned file
• The Best Practices file
• The Design System including Design Practices
• NPI - the business plan for new product intro.
• NTI - the plan for new technology intro.
• Design for Six Sigma
• e-business

All must be considered
25
GEAEs USA Program
Transfer of Technology

• How best to introduce university technology
• Identify Sockets into which information can
  fit (The LEGOTM model)
• Present data in format that fits the sockets
  (system)
• Make sure data are accepted by company

There are sockets begging for input
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Summary

• For GEAE, Practical Technology is Technology
  that Gives GEAE a Competitive Advantage in the
  Marketplace
• Technology Must Make it into the Product to be
  Advantageous
• Design community sees disconnect between theory
  and reality
• Research must be aligned with design communitys
  needs
• Research must be accepted by design community
• Large Opportunity for Many Technical Areas
• Relatively small changes can be a significant
  factor in product life
• Several small improvements can add to be
  significant
• Emphasis on product durability is increasing
• Still a lot of empiricism in design process
• Very little reliable 3D data available
• Very little reliable full field data available
• Always look for a better design solution - it
  is the end goal!

27
The Beginnings
GEAEs USA Program

• - Began with Mike Benzakeins response to Article
  seen by Corbett Caudill describing Rolls Royces
  University (UTC) Activities

- Continued with MJB appointing Dave Wisler to
evaluate and start GEAE university pilot program
- Became Wislers Green Belt Project 8412
University Strategic Alliances
28
GEAEs USA Program
Average Value of GEAE-funded University Research
Contracts 1990-1998, data normalized to per year
basis
GEAE Average 43K (105 contracts)
Estimate of UTCs Average 460K (18 Contracts)
Old GEAE Process Many Small-Dollar Contracts New
USA Process A Few Larger Dollar Contracts at Key
Universities
USA
Number of Contracts
Contract Value, K per year
29
GEAEs USA Program
Types of University Research Programs by Funding
Level

• 25K program - run a computer program, short
  test, say thanks
• 50K program - one PhD, very little faculty help,
  no equipment, one deliverable at end of program.
• 125K - 200K program - minimum-level good
  program, two PhDs, one faculty (part time).
  Produces a major finding with good interaction
  between students, faculty and sponsor.
• 400 -500K program - optimum-level program for
  critical mass - Two post-docs,
• Three to four senior PhDs and
• Two to three faculty (part-time)
• Generates leverage for negotiating department
  space and resources,
• Uses mature students, creates a pipeline of
  students and causes the faculty to be constantly
  thinking about the program.
• Larger than 500K programs - need ramp up time
  for staff, can cause inefficiencies if not
  managed well.

30
GEAEs USA Program

• USA Programs now Underway

• Turbine Cooling and Heat Transfer CFD
• Ohio State
• Stanford
• Clemson (Significant Link to GEPS / Greenville)
• Aeromechanics
• Ohio State
• Duke
• Design for Six Sigma (Quality Initiatives)
• Stanford
• Compressors and CFD- Aachen University, Germany
• Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH -
  Zurich, MIT, Georgia Tech,Univ of Cincinnati
  (In Progress)

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Sanitized Technology Roadmap Illustrating a New
Teaming Relationship
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
XXXXXXXXX Program Strategy, Definition and
Tracking
Color Code GEAE GE CRD Stanford OSU Clemson

• Choose CFD Strategy
• (GEAE/CRD/Stanford, Clemson,OSU)
• Build/Inst. Rig OSU, Stanford

Validated Production Method (GEAE)
XXXXXXX Test Prediction
XXXXXXXX B.C.s

• Implement CFD Strategy
• (GEAE/Clemson/Stanford)
• Identify Needed Tests
• (GEAE/OSU/Stanford)
• Resolve Instru.Issues
• (GEAE/Stanford/OSU)

Validated Production Code - Includes XXXXXX -
Updated XXXXXX (GEAE/CRD/OSU/ Clemson/Stanford)

• Stationary Tests.
• (Stanford)
• Full Scale Rotating
• OSU

• Validated
• Unsteady
• XXX Model

XXXXX CFD Methodology

• XXXXXX Invest.
• (Clemson/Stanford)
• Unsteady Invest.
• (Clemson/OSU)

• XXXXX Model
• (GEAE/CRD/
• Clemson/Stanford)

• CFD Validated
• Film Cooling Method
• (Clemson)

Maturation Interim Milestone
XXXXXX Validation

• Understand
• Database
• (GEAE/CRD/Stanford)

• Execute Required Tests (OSU)
• - stationary
• - rotating

• Choose CFD Strategy
• Identify Needed Tests
• (GEAE/CRD/Stanford)

Validated Production Method (GEAE/ CRD/Stanford)
32
GEAEs USA Program
For Your Consideration in Engineering Education

• Integrity
• Probabilistic vs Deterministic Thinking -
  reduce variation about the mean
• Globalization of Engineering -
  Multicultural thinking coordination -
  Outsourcing
• Knowledge management - One click away
  - Use of design analysis tools
• e-business

33
GEAEs USA Program

• Contact Person for
• GEAE University Strategic Alliance (USA)
• Initiative

Dr. David C. Wisler, Manager University
Programs GE Aircraft Engines Mail Drop A411 One
Neumann Way Cincinnati OH. 45215 Phone
513-243-2905 Fax [phone] Dial Com
8-332-2905 dave.wisler_at_ae.ge.com
34
New Process Map for GEAEs USA Programs
Objectives incorporated into GEAE Technology
Road Maps
Prepares Statement of Work (SOW)
GEAE engineer/manager sees need for
university research program
Yes
Funding secured, sufficient for USA
No
No
University Performs Work with strong interaction
with GEAE engineers
Sourcing Issues Contract to University
Yes
Sourcing gets competitive bids from
universities
Rolling Contract, Research Continues
Good Interaction Results incorporated into GEAE
technology base or design system Improved product
Contract Negotiations
Yes
Terminate Work
No
35
What is Technology? - Here are Examples

• Experimental
• Precise data on a simple geometry to validate a
  theory or concept
• Limited data on a realistic geometry at realistic
  conditions
• A new experimental technique
• Computational
• A new turbulence model
• A more robust numerical scheme
• An improved gridding strategy
• Design
• A new concept
• Analytical/numerical trade studies
• Optimization studies
• Manufacturing
• A new technique (permitting larger design space
  or a new material)
• A more robust technique (tighter tolerances,
  better yield)

All the above (and more) are legitimate forms of
technology