Medical Emergencies

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Medical Emergencies

• Anaphylaxis

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Topics

• Immune Response
• Allergic Response
• Anaphylaxis

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Types of Immunity

• Natural
• Acquired
• Artificial

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Components of Immune System

• Lymphatic System
• Leukocytes
• Lymphocytes
• Immunoglobulins
• Mediators

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Allergic Reaction

• Increased physiologic response to antigens
• Antigen binds with Antibody
• Alerts macrophages
• Degranulation of Mast cells and Basophils
• Histamine
• Leukotriene
• Heparin
• Prostaglandin

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General Assessment

• Signs of reactive airway
• Perfusion
• Skin
• Exposure to possible antigens
• Previous history

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Mild Allergic Reaction

• Characteristics Rash, itchy
• (-) SOB or hypotension/hypoperfusion
• TX
• diphenhydramine 50 mg IM

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Moderate Allergic Reaction

• Characteristics Mild Signs SOB w/ wheezes
• (-) hypotension/hypoperfusion
• TX
• high flow oxygen
• epinephrine 0.3 - 0.5 mg 11,000 SQ
• IV NS
• diphenhydramine 50 mg IM

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Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis)

• Characteristics Moderate Signs hypoperfusion
• TX
• high flow oxygen
• bilateral IV, titrate to perfusion
• epineprhine 0.3 mg 110,000 IV
• diphenhydramine 50 mg IV
• Consider MAST