GI ENDOCRINE Pharmacology

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GI / ENDOCRINE Pharmacology
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Overview

• GI / GU AP Review
• GI / GU Pharmacology
• Endocrine A P Review
• Endocrine Pharmacology
• Reproductive Pharmacology
• Antibiotics / Antivirals
• Immunological Pharmacology

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GI Pharmacology

• Antacids neutralize HCl
• Antiflatulents
• Digestants promote digestion
• Emetics / Anti-emetics
• Cytoprotective Drugs
• Protect cells from damage ulcers
• H2 receptor antagonists

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Lower GI Drugs

• Constipation vs Diarrhea
• Laxatives
• Antidiarrheal drugs

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Endocrine System

• Major function
• Hormonal
• Pituitary Control release of hormones

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Endocrine System

• Thyroid Controls metabolic rate
• Parathyroid controls level of Ca
• Adrenal Cortex
• Galucocorticoids Raise glucose levels, suppress
  inflamation
• Mineralocorticoids Regulate electrolytes H2O
• Sex Hormones Small amounts

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Pancreatic Drugs

• Insulin
• Rapid Acting Humulin
• Intermediate Acting NPH Insulin
• Long Acting Ultralente
• Oral Glucose / IV Dextrose
• Glucagon
• Thiamine

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Drugs That Affect the Eye

• Glaucoma
• Increased pressure within the eye
• Cholinergic anticholinesterase
• Mydriatic Cycloplegic
• Applied topically to cause dilation for exam

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Reproductive Pharmacology

• Female Sex Hormones
• Estrogen Progesterone
• Breast CA
• Oral Contraceptives
• Suppresses ovulation

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Antineoplastic Agents

• Cancer Modification of Cellular DNA and
  neopolastic growth
• Most tumors must be removed, While some localized
  CA respond to chemotherapy

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Antineoplastic Agents

• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Prevent proliferation of malignant cells
• Antimetabolite Drugs Mimic enzymes of
  replication but do not have same effects
• Alkylating Agents Interfere with DNA splitting
• Mitotic Inhibitors Interfere with cellular
  division
• Non-selective may cause injury to other cells
• May cause significant side effects
• Nausea
• Vomit
• Malaise

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Antibiotics
Fight local or systemic infection

• Macrolide Antibiotics
• Biaxin, Zithromax
• Tetracyclines
• Acne, bronchitis
• Doxicycline, tetracycline
• Inhibit Protein
• Synthesis

• PCN
• Most effective least toxic
• Amoxicillin, ampicillin, dicloxacillin
• Cephalosporins
• Ancef, Keflin, Claforan
• Cell Walls

Gram Stain
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Protease inhibitors
Inhibits the replication of viruses PEP
Antiviral
AZT for HIV
Antifungal
Tinactin
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Anti-inflammatory

• Inflammation process.
• Invasion Chemical mediators released
  Vasodilation increased blood flow (warmth)
  Phagocytes - removal

Analgesics - Antipyretics
NSAIDs
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Immune System

• Immunosuppressants
• Given after organ transplants
• Immunomodulating Agents
• Increase effectiveness of immune system
• Interferons Given for Hep C certain cancers

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Other Drugs

• Uricosuric Treat and prevent Gout
• High levels of uric acid that lead to joint paint
• Ex Colchicine
• Serum Whole antibodies for a specific pathogen
• Vaccine Modified pathogen

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Diet Drugs

• Vitamins and Minerals
• Fluids and electrolytes

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Important Vitamins
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Review

• GI / GU AP Review
• GI / GU Pharmacology
• Endocrine A P Review
• Endocrine Pharmacology
• Reproductive Pharmacology
• Antibiotics / Antivirals
• Immunological Pharmacology