Convicts and the

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Convicts and the European Settlement of Australia
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The European settlement of Australia and the
convicts were transported to Australia to create
the infrastructure for nation building.
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Convict labor was used to help find a number of
British colonies including Barbados, Jamaica,
Maryland, Virginia and Singapore. Between 1607
and 1939 Britain transported approximately
400,000 people to all parts of the globe,
162,000 of which came to Australia.
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European settlement began in Australia in 1788
when the eleven ships of the First Fleet , under
the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, landed
their 'cargo' of around 780 British Convicts at
Botany Bay in New South Wales. Twenty per cent of
these first convicts were women.
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After two more convict fleets arrived in 1790 and
1791, the first free settlers arrived in 1793.
For the next 75 years Britain's transportation
polices supported a growing Australian
population, many of them were free settlers.
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Western Australia
Western Australia was established in 1827.
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South Australia
The British province of South Australia was
established in 1836, and in 1842 it became a
crown colony.
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Victoria
The first attempt at settlement was made in 1803
by Lieutenant David Collins but the harsh
conditions forced him to move on to Tasmania
where he eventually Settled in Hobart in
February 1804.
It was not until the Henty Brothers landed in
Portland Bay in 1834, and John Batman settled on
the site of Melbourne,
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Queensland
In 1859 Queensland separated from New South
Wales. In 1824, the penal colony at Redcliffe
was established by Lieutenant John Oxley. Known
as the Moreton Bay Settlement, it later moved to
the site now called Brisbane.
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Northern Territory
It was first settled by Europeans in 1824 at Fort
Dundas, Port Essington.
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By Jackson Boyan