Revision on Agriculture

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Revision on Agriculture
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Settlement pattern
Nucleated pattern
Disperse pattern
Linear pattern
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Map Evidence Favourable Factor

• Presence of flatland
• Good transport/high accessibility to market
• Near to market
• Supply of irrigation water
• Fertile soil
• Labour supply

• contour
• main road
• next to new town
• presence of river
• alluvial soil from river
• presence of village/rural settlement

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Map evidence

• Contour and scale
• Abandoned farmhouse, abandoned land and nearness
  to new town
• Land sold and new town
• Abandoned land, dump for old car
• Presence of river

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Constraint

• Small area of flatland/limited flatland
• Shortage of labour /young man go to work in new
  town / rural depopulation
• Urban expansion / land speculation
• Anticipation of urban encroachment/abandoned land
• Soil erosion
• Danger of flood
• pollution

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Changes in human and economic inputs

• labour input decreases
• field area increases
• mechanization level raised
• introduction of agricultural technology
• e.g. fertilizers , insecticides , reduced use of
  organic fertilizers
• capital input increased
• market demand increased
• irrigation improved

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Changes in outputs

• types / varieties of produce decrease
• changes in the proportion of produce
• e.g. padi decreases , fruit increases,
  vegetables increases, flower greater increases,
  no more peanuts / sugar cane / sweet potatoes /
  livestock
• production shifted to market gardening /
  commercial farming

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Changes in outputs

• to high valued produce
• to greatly demanded produce
• yield per unit area increases
• per capita output increases

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Reasons for Changes

• increase in farm production
• field area increases
• mechanization
• reorganization of farmland
• from labour intensive to capital intensive
• use of technology / fertilizers / insecticides
• improvement in irrigation

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• improvement in transport
• rise in living standard
• increased demand on produce
• country's open door policy / agricultural policy
• A production responsibility system is practiced
• free market for farm produce
• increased support from industrial sector

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Problems of rapid development

• urban development
• farmland being encroached
• decreased water supply
• pollution
• due to industrial / commercial development within
  region
• labour shortage / loss
• increased cost of production

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Problems of rapid development

• rural and urban wage difference
• risk of overproduction
• anticipation of urban encroachment
• abandoned land increases
• soil erosion

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Extensive Commercial Farming

• Extensive flat land
• Cheap land
• Easy for machine use
• Low population density
• Sufficient capital
• Good road / rail network
• Linking with coastal cities
• Facilitating marketing of produce
• High technology

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Evidence of Insufficient Water

• On the leeward slope
• In the rain shadow
• Few trees are found
• Growing crops demanding less water
• e.g. wheat/grass/fallowed land
• Use of wind pump

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Solutions

• Using river/well/artesian well
• Building storage tanks/ponds
• Building dams/water schemes
• For irrigation
• Dry farming
• Growing drought-resistant crops