INTERPRETING TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF SCATTERED RADIATION

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INTERPRETING TROPOSPHERIC COMPOSITION FROM
SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF SCATTERED RADIATION

Randall Martin
Kelly Chance Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Daniel Jacob Harvard University
Dalhousie University
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PRESENT AND FUTURE SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF
TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
Platform multiple multiple ERS-2 Terra Terra ENVISAT ENVISAT Space station Aura Aura Aura TBD TBD
Sensor TOMS AVHRR/SeaWIFS GOME MOPITT MODIS/MISR SCIAMACHY MIPAS SAGE-3 TES OMI MLS CALIPSO OCO
Launch 1979 1995 1999 1999 2002 2002 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2005
O3 N N/L L L N/L N L
CO N N/L L N/L
CO2 N/L N
NO L
NO2 N N/L N
HNO3 L L
CH4 N/L N
HCHO N N/L N
SO2 N N/L N
BrO N N/L N
HCN L
aerosol N N N N L N N
Increasing spatial resolution
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TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS (Sep96-Aug97)
GEOS-CHEM
TOMS (CCD)
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
R 0.66 MODEL BIAS -0.5 DU
Martin et al., 2002a
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OZONE ENHANCEMENT FROM LIGHTNING (GEOS-CHEM)
largely explains observed wave-1 pattern in TOMS
ozone
Martin et al., 2002a
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SCAN-ANGLE METHOD OBSERVES OZONE FROM BIOMASS
BURNING OVER NORTHERN AFRICA DURING DJF
Fire-counts
Ozone in Dobson Units
Kim et al., 2003
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HOW DO WE EVALUATE AND IMPROVE BOTTOM-UP
INVENTORIES?
Surface NOX

• Global NOx Emissions (Tg N yr-1)
• Fossil Fuel (20-33)
• Biomass Burning (3-13) Soils (4-21)
• Here in Tg N yr-1 (based on)
• Fossil Fuel 24 (GEIA)
• Biomass Burning 6 (Logan/Duncan)
• Soils 5 (Yienger and Levy)

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USE GOME MEASUREMENTS TO RETRIEVE NO2 COLUMNS TO
MAP NOx EMISSIONS
Retrieval Summary
Spectral Fit (423-451 nm)
GOME
Total Slant Column
Remove Stratosphere
Tropospheric Slant Column
Tropospheric NO2 column ENOx
Calculate AMF
Tropospheric Column
BOUNDARY LAYER
Martin et al., 2002b
NO2
NO
NO/NO2 ? ? W ALTITUDE
lifetime hours
HNO3
Emission
NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx)
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VERTICAL COLUMNS CONFINED TO REGIONS OF SURFACE
EMISSIONSCloud/albedo artifacts removed by AMF
calculation
NO/NO2 ? ? WITH ALTITUDE NOx lifetime
lt1day
Slant
Vertical
Martin et al., 2002b
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GOME Tropospheric NO2
GEOS-CHEM Tropospheric NO2
r0.75 bias 5
Martin et al., 2003
1015 molecules cm-2
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STRATEGY OPTIMIZE SURFACE INVENTORY USING A
PRIORI BOTTOM-UP AND GOME TOP-DOWN INFORMATION
Top-down emissions
A priori emissions
A posteriori emissions
Top-down errors
A priori errors
Martin et al., 2003
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OPTIMIZED SURFACE NOX EMISSIONS
37.7 Tg N yr-1
36.4 Tg N yr-1
Martin et al., 2003
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A POSTERIORI MINUS A PRIORI EMISSIONS
Martin et al., 2003