Muscle Power Points

1
Class Topics
Title Anat Phys 2/22/07
Objectives

• .

• Muscle Power Points
• Digestive System
• Oral cavity
• swallowing
• esophagus
• Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.
• Kahlil Gibran

Saturday, January 18, 2014 100 PM
2
Class Assignments
By When
What

• Muscle Power Point 2/22/07
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future

3
Coming up

• Feb 26
• Complete notes of upper GI tract
• Upper GI tract lab
• Feb 28
• Upper GI tract quiz
• Tour de Stomach
• March 2
• Complete Tour de Stomach
• Notes Stomach, comparative anatomy with respect
  to digestion of cellulose (test essay topic)

4
From http//www.agen.ufl.edu/chyn/age2062/lect/l
ect_20/27_22.GIF
5
Steps of digestion

• 1. Ingestion - place food in mouth
• Conscious control
• 2. Mechanical processing
• mouth - chewing and tearing of food
• mastication
• stomach - churns food
• 3. Digestion
• breakdown of food into small organic particles
• Glucose from carbs, amino acids from protein

6
Steps of digestion

• 4. Secretion
• Enzymes, acids, saliva, buffers, bile
• 5. Absorption
• Movement of organic materials into cells
• 6. Elimination
• Defecation of wastes
• Fiber moves you
• coprophagy - eating feces - some types of rabbits

7
Histological Organization

• 1. Mucosa
• inner lining of tract
• secretes mucus
• contains endocrine cells
• releases into bloodstream, not tract
• Highly folded - more surface area
• microvilli - small projections to increase
  surface area
• Cells renew every 2-6 days

8
2. Submucosa

• Mainly connective tissue
• Blood vessels carry away nutrients
• Lymphatic vessels for immune response and fat
  transport
• Exocrine glands
• acids, buffers, enzymes
• Nerves - autonomic control (unconscious)

9
3. Muscular

• Smooth muscle
• 2 layers
• longitudinal
• circular
• Move articles by peristalsis

10
4. Serosa

• Connective tissue
• Outer protective covering

11
Tongue

• Helps in chewing
• occasionally brings food into mouth
• Sensory - Temperature, flavor, texture
• Frenulum - midline flap of skin under tongue
• Skeletal muscle

12
Salivary Glands

• Parotid
• near zygomatic arch
• watery saliva
• Sublingual
• floor of the mouth
• Mostly mucus
• Submandibular
• Opens in frenulum
• Mixture of watery and mucus secretions

From http//www.entassociates.com/salivary_glands
.htm
13
Teeth(per jaw)

• Incisors (4)
• blade shaped - used to tear food
• Cuspids (2)
• Pointed teeth - used to tear food
• Bicuspids (4)
• 2 points - used to tear and grind food
• Molars (6)
• 4 points - used for grinding
• Last set called wisdom teeth

Fromhttp//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/nutrition.ht
ml
14
Teeth

• 16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult)
• Children - 20 teeth
• decidious or primary
• Covered in enamel (hardest material in the body)
  with dentin inside (second hardest material in
  the body)

15
From http//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/nutrition.h
tml
16
Pharynx

• Common region for air and food
• Nasopharynx
• region of the nasal cavity and pharynx
• Oropharynx
• region of the oral cavity and pharynx
• Laryngopharynx
• region of the larynx and pharynx

From http//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/nutrition.h
tml
17
Swallowing

• 1. Form a bolus against hard palate
• soft palate raises to block nasopharynx
• 2. Epiglottis folds over trachea
• 3. Bolus pushed toward stomach through esophagus
  by parastaltic waves
• takes 9 seconds to complete (average)
• If too dry, secondary contractions push bolus down

18
Fromhttp//home.earthlink.net/dayvdanls/IHP2.htm
l
From http//www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/nutrition.h
tml
19
Esophagus

• 24-30 cm
• tube for transport
• large folds in mucosa allow for a large bolus to
  pass
• muscle tone keeps lumen shut
• Sphincter at end called cardiac (lower
  esophagael) sphincter

20
Cardiac Sphincter

• Keeps material in stomach
• heartburn - sphincter not closed
• achalasia - sphincter doesnt open
• region of esophagael hernia

21
Upper digestive tract lab

• Make sure you use bone snips and work back along
  the tongue
• Get physical with the cat - watch for teeth
  though!