Development

1
Development

• In time

• In space

2
End result...
Too complicated
3
End result...
much simpler
Anabaena heterocysts
Bacillus sporulation
Caulobacter cell cycle
Myxobacteria fruiting
4
Bacillus subtilisTemporally regulated
differentiation
Start
Restart
Pause
5
Caulobacter crescentusCell cycle-regulated
differentiation
6
AnabaenaSpatially regulated differentiation
Time after nitrogen removal
0 h 3 h 6 h 9 h
12 h
7
Myxococcus xanthusSocially regulated
differentiation
Feast
Famine
8
Route to altered states in bacteria
Bacillus, Anabaena, Myxococcus
Starvation
Permissive conditions
Initiation
Altered State
Signaltransduction
pH, Fe,...
Pathogens