Development%20of%20Regional%20Statistics

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SCORUS 26th Biennial Conference, Shanghai
Development of Regional Statistics through
Cooperation with Central and Local Governments
14-16 October 2008 Bongho Choi Korea National
Statistical Office
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Organization of KNSO Headquarters

• A Commissioner and a Deputy Commissioner
• 6 Bureaus (Planning Coordination,
• Statistical Policy, Survey Management,
  Economic
• Statistics, Social Statistics, Statistical
  Information)
• - 33 Divisions
• Statistical Training Center (2 Divisions)
• Statistical Research Development Institute
• (3 Divisions)
• Number of Regular Staff-members at HQs 621

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Organization of KNSO Regional Offices

• 12 Regional Offices
• - Planning Division
• - Economic Statistics Survey Division
• - Social Statistics Survey Division
• - Agricultural Statistics Survey Division
• 65 Sub-regional Offices
• Number of staff-members in Regional Offices
• as of 1 June 2007 2,502
• - administration supporting staff 13.9
• - interviewers with permanent status 54.7
• - freelance interviewers 31.6

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Geographic Units for Regional Statistics

• Based on Administrative Units
• Korea 16 Provinces, 230 Cities/Districts/Countie
  s, 3,500 Towns/Townships
  
• U.S.A. 50 States, 3,141 Counties
• U.K. 12 Regions, 440 Local Authority Districts,
  8,800 Wards
• Canada 13 Province/Territory, 5,600 Census
  Sub-divisions
• Japan 47 Prefectures, 3,229 Cities/Towns/Townshi
  ps
• Not comparable due to large gaps
  between units and changes of boundaries over
  time.
• Based on Statistically Defined Units
• - Korea 311,827 Basic Units as of 2001
• U.S.A. 7,020,924 Census Blocks as of 2000
• U.K. 175,434 Output Areas as of 2001
• Canada 52,993 Dissemination Area and 478,707
  Blocks as of 2001
• New Zealand 38,350 Mesh Blocks as of 2001
• These are relatively stable, but takes
  a lot of time and efforts to delineate.

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Why Regional Statistics are Important?

• - In the past, policies were implemented on the
  basis of national averages.
• - However, different regions have different
  natural resources, quality of infrastructure and
  overall level of development.
• - Consequently, policy-implementation without
  taking into consideration of the regional
  differences tends to fail.
• - Regional statistics are indispensable for
  systematic analysis by different regions. This
  would contribute the overall development for the
  whole country.

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What kinds of data are needed?

• 1) Statistics to show regional differences
  GRDP, Household
• Income, Prices, Occupation/Industrial
  structure, Unemployment rate,
• Poverty level, etc.
• 2) Statistics on strategic industries each local
  government fosters Industries on Bio, IT,
  Knowledge-based, Tourism, Traditional, Creative,
  Culture, Environment, Logistics, Materials, etc.
• However, these are not compatible with the
  standard industrial classification.
• 3) Statistics to show the performance of each
  local government has achieved especially,
  statistics on the outcome
• (welfare, educational level, health status,
  satisfaction, etc.).

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Regional Statistics Needed Example of
Australian Bureau of Statistics

• Demography (size structure of population,
  migration)
• Quality of Life
• - Services (demand, availability,
  accessibility, affordability, quality)
• - Well-being (employment, health, housing,
  income, assets)
• - Specific population groups (foreign
  laborers, youth, older persons, women,
• 
  persons with a disability)
• Community Strength
• - Human capital (education, skills,
  leadership, training infrastructure)
• - Social capital (social networks,
  community activities, trust, safety, sense of
  belonging)
• - Information networks
• Economic Growth
• - Structure (industry, labor market,
  turnover, journey to work)
• - Performance (production, consumption,
  turnover, employment, investment,
• income and
  earnings)
• - Links (imports, exports)
• - Barriers (labor force skills,
  infrastructure, innovation, environment)
• Environmental Issues

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Regional Statistics Needed Example of
Statistics New Zealand
Area Indicators
Output - GRDP - Number of establishments by industry
Education - Illiteracy rate, Educational attainment, Teacher/Pupil ratio
Employment - Employment by industry and occupation - Labor force projection
Use of Energy Production of energy by type (electricity, gas) Use of energy for heating and cooking - Use of energy by kinds and industry - Turnover and consumption of energy by type
Environment - Expenditure for environmental protection by institutions - Statistics on commuting - Sewage by kinds and statistics on renewal - Statistics on air, land and water
Population Public Health Internal migration, population projection, life expectancy, IMR, In-patients and discharge by major diseases
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Regional Statistics Needed Example of Statistics
New Zealand
Area Indicators
Social Cohesion - Participation in community and leisure activities - Utilization of social welfare facilities, use of Internet - An agreed set of quality of life  indicators
Tourism Number of local and foreign visitors, duration of stay, impact on local economy
Housing - Number of houses by type, number of beds - Household projection
Income and Welfare - House price per income Household expenditure - Household income by source of income - Household income by demographic characteristics
Transportation - Commuters by origin-destination - Means of transportation - Accidents and casualties by causes
Agriculture - Production by crops, living stocks by kinds - Turnover by type of farms
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Demand for Regional Data Example of U.K.

• Productivity
• - Investment, Skills, Innovation,
  Competition, Enterprises
• Flexibility
• - Indicators of flexibility on labour,
  capital and product market
• Welfare and Re-distribution
• - Assess to public services
• - Allocation of public funding, Data on
  public sector activities in the regions
• Estimates of Regional Prices
• A Set of Indicators on Quality of Life
• - Social and environmental factor, Relative
  performance of rural areas
• - Information on poorer neighbourhoods
• GRDP, Population, including Internal Migration

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Sources of Regional Statistics in Korea -
Censuses
Title Method of Data Collection Main Characteristics
Quinquennial Population and Housing Census Mixed (Self- administration Face-to-Face Internet) Demographic information, information on household and housing condition
Annual Census on Basic Characteristics of Establishments Face-to-Face Basic characteristics of establishments (number of establishments and employees)
Annual Census on Mining Manufacturing (for 5 employees more) Face-to-Face Mining, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Waterworks industries
Quinquennial Agricultural Fishery Census Face-to-Face Selfadministration All of the holdings, private or institutional
Quinquennial Census on Wholesale, Retail Trade and Services Sector Face-to-Face Internet Kind of business activities, hours worked, etc.
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Source of Regional Statistics in Korea - Sample
Surveys
Cycle Title of surveys Spatial units data available (sample size)
5 year National Survey of Household Assets - Provinces (32,000 households)
Annual Social Statistics Survey - Provinces (32,000 households)
Annual Basic Agricultural Statistics Survey - Provinces (60,000 farm households in 3,058 enumeration districts)
Annual Rice Production Survey - Cities/Counties
Annual Nut Production Survey - Provinces
Annual Construction - Provinces
Annual Transportation - Provinces
Annual Wholesale and Retail Trade and Services - Provinces
Monthly Economically Active Population Survey - Provinces (32,000 households)
Monthly Farm Household Economy Survey - Provinces (3,200 farm households)
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Source of Regional Statistics in Korea
Processed and Registration

Cycle Title of statistics Spatial units data available
5 year Population Projection - Provinces
Annual Gross Regional Domestic Product - Provinces
Vital Statistics based on Vital Registration System - Cities/Districts/Counties
Quarterly Internal Migration based on Resident Registration System - Cities/Districts/Counties
Monthly Indices on Industrial Production, Shipment and Inventories - Provinces
Monthly Consumer Price Indices - 38 Cities
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Statistics Given High Priority for Development
in Korea
Areas in statistics Target of spatial units Responsible agency
Statistics on household income annually Provinces KNSO
Population estimates annually Cities/Counties/Districts KNSO
Gross Regional Domestic Product annually Cities/Counties/Districts Each provincial government
Labor Force Survey quarterly Cities/Counties/Districts KNSO together with each local government
Output Indices on Service Industries quarterly Provinces KNSO together with each local government
Social Statistics Survey annually Cities/Counties/Districts Each lower-level local government
Statistics on Tourism Cities/Counties/Districts Each provincial government
Statistics on agriculture sector annually Cities/Counties Each lower-level local government
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Availability of Sub-national Unemployment
Statistics
Country Periodicity Spatial Units Available Method of Compilation
Korea Monthly Only for 16 provinces Labor Force Survey (32,000 households)
U.S.A. Monthly For 7,200 areas, including all counties Model-based estimates (Local Area Unemployment Statistics program)
Canada Monthly For provinces, 27 large cities, 73 economic regions Labor Force Survey (54,000 households)
Australia Monthly For 8 states, 77 statistical regions Labor Force Survey (28,600 private and 1,900 non-private dwellings)
U.K. Quarterly For local authority districts (440) Model-based estimates using surveys and claimants counts
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Availability of Sub-national GRDP
Country Spatial units for which data are available Spatial units for which data are available Agency responsible for producing
Country Upper layer Lower layer Agency responsible for producing
Korea Available for 16 Provinces Under development - KNSO for provincial data. Each Provincial Government for cities/counties
U.S.A Available for 50 States Experimental figures are available for 363 Metropolitan Areas Bureau of Economic Analysis
U.K. Available for 12 Regions Available for 37 sub-regions and 133 local areas Office for National Statistics
Japan Available for 47 Prefectures Available for some cities/towns/townships Each Prefecture Government
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Availability of Sub-national Statistics on
Household Income
Country Periodicity Spatial Units Available Method of Compilation
Korea Quarterly Only at the national level Survey (8,700 households)
U.S.A. Monthly For states, counties, school districts Model-based estimates (Small Area Income Poverty Estimates program)
Canada Annually For provinces, metropolitan areas Survey (15,000 households)
Australia 5-yearly For 8 states Survey (14,545 households)
U.K. Annually For 12 regions, 37 sub-regions, 133 groups of unitary authority Estimates from taxation data and survey of personal income
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Some problems associated with Regional
Statistics in Korea

• Lack of Available Regional Statistics
• - No data on unemployment, GRDP, household
  income expenditure, poverty level, health
  status, safety, job vacancy, etc.
• Weak Statistical Manpower at Local Governments.
• - Each of 16 Provinces has a statistical
  section with only 6 staff- members.
• - Each of 234 Cities/Counties/Districts has a
  statistical section only with 13
• staff-members, but they also do other
  work.
• High Perception on the Importance of Statistics,
• but Low Investment to Develop Regional
  Statistics by
• Local Governments.

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Model for Development of Regional Statistics

• Type 1 UK Model (Highly centralized at ONS)
  Koreas option
• - UK ONS plays a central role to develop
  regional statistics
• in collaboration with other ministries and
  local governments.
• - 82.2 million Pound for 5 years (2001/02
  2005/06)
• Type 2 Model of Australia, Canada, USA (Both are
  active)
• - Both National Statistical Office
  (Headquarters plus Regional Offices) and Local
  Governments are active in producing regional
  statistics.
• Type 3 Japan Model (Highly centralized at Local
  Governments)
• - Each 46 Prefectures has a Statistics Division
  with each about 50 staff-members.

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Framework for Development of Regional Statistics
  Development by KNSO and/or Central Governments   Development by KNSO's Technical Assistance to Local Governments
Demand for Regional Statistics   Identification of data gaps   Efforts are being made through     seminars,  individual contacts     Conduct of demand survey Survey is done through provincial    governments
Developing of Regional Statistics         KNSO's selection of local governments for providing technical assistance
Developing of Regional Statistics   Expansion of sample sizes and/or utilization of administrative data, etc.   KNSO and central governments         Division of roles KNSO Provision of technical             assistance   Local governments Maintaining             statistical surveys
Utilization     Dissemination of regional statistics Dissemination of regional statistics
Utilization     Construction of Database (by the end of 2008)                     e- indicator system for local governments Construction of Database (by the end of 2008)                     e- indicator system for local governments
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KNSOs Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

• Direct Development by KNSO
• 1) Development of a large-scale Annual Labor
  Force Survey
• - Sample size 180,000 households in 8,797
  Enumeration Areas
• - Survey period 20 Oct. 2008 1 Nov.2008
• - Survey periodicity Annual
• - Number of interviewers recruited 1,823
  persons
• - Spatial units targeted Cities/Counties

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KNSOs Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

• Direct Development by KNSO
• 2) Development of GRDP for Cities/Counties/Distri
  cts
• - Target year for completion 2009
• - Agency responsible Each Provincial
  Government
• - Role of KNSO Providing technical
  assistance
• - Role of Ministry of Government
  Administration and
• Local Autonomy Overall supervision
• - Spatial units targeted
  Cities/Counties/Districts

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KNSOs Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

• Direct Development by KNSO
• 3) Development of Household Income Expenditure
  
• - Target year for completion Not yet fixed
• - Agency responsible KNSO
• - Spatial units targeted Provinces
• - Methods Studies are undergoing

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KNSOs Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

• Development through Cooperation with Central
  governments
• - Korea Center for Disease Control
  Statistics on health status of residents at
  provincial level by increasing the sample size by
  three times for its survey on National Health and
  Nutrition
• - Ministry of Labor Statistics on job
  vacancies, shortage of laborers
• at provincial level by increasing the
  sample size from 12,000 to
• 32,000 establishments
• - Ministry of Culture Tourism Statistics
  on tourism at the level of
• Cities/Counties/Districts through
  cooperation with each Provincial
• Government

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KNSOs Strategy to Develop Regional Statistics

• Development through Cooperation with local
  governments
• - KNSO has provided technical assistance to
  Local Governments, including conduct of pilot
  survey, sample selection, questionnaire design,
  data processing, etc. (KNSO has secured budget of
  1 million US dollars on an annual basis)

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Statistics Developed jointly by KNSO Local
Governmentsduring July 2005July 2008
Title of Survey Periodicity Local Governments
Labor Force Survey Quarterly 7 Cities/Districts/Counties
Labor Force Survey for sub-provincial level Quarterly By 2 Provinces
Survey on Service Industries Quarterly By 2 Provinces
Survey on Provincial Tourism Annually By 2 Provinces
Survey on Visitors for sub-provincial level Quarterly By 2 Provinces
Social Statistics Survey Annually By 1 Province, 16 Cities/Districts/Counties
Mining Manufacturing Survey Quarterly By 2 Cities
Wholesale Retail Trade Survey Quarterly By 2 Cities
Basic Agricultural Statistics Survey Biennially By 2 Counties
Survey on Livestock Farming Annually By 1 County
Survey on Crops and Cows Annually By 1 County
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Application of Small Area Estimation Techniques

• First Study was done during 20022004 to find the
  possibility of producing overall unemployment
  rates for 230 Cities/Counties/Districts.
• Second study was done in 2005 to find the
  possibility of producing statistics on household
  income and expenditure by main components for 16
  Provinces.
• Conclusion It is still premature for the KNSO
  to produce official statistics through the
  application of the small area estimation
  techniques.

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Appendix-UK London Citys Statistical Work
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Appendix - Example of Canada British Columbia
Government
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Appendix - Example of Australias Queensland
Government
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Appendix - USA Minnesota States Statistical
Site
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Appendix - USAs Portal Site for Regional
Statistics
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Appendix - Japan Kyoto Prefectures Statistical
Division
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References

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  Development Plan for Rural and Regional
• Statistics, ABS Catalogue No. 1362.0,
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• EUROSTAT, Urban Audit, Methodological Handbook,
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  Taking Advantage of the New Potential,
• The Urban Institute, Oct.1998.
• McWin, Marion and Daniel Elazar, Small Area
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• Document for APEX 2 Meeting, Sept.,
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• Gennari, Pietro, Towards international comparison
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• the Pacific, PPT version, presented at
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• Smith, Jeffrey and Alton Hollett, Getting the
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• Ottawa, July 2006.
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• Praeger, 1983.
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  Needs of Local Government, 2001.
• Trutzel, Klaus, How to Best Organize Regional
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• Experience in a Federal State