ENERGY

1

• ENERGY
• The term ENERGY is a Greek word
• Energy is defined as the ability or capacity to
  do work
• We use energy to do work and make all movements
• When we eat food, our body transforms the food
  into energy to do work
• When we run or walk or do some work, we burn
  energy in our bodies
• Cars, planes, boats, machinery, etc also
  transform energy into work.

2

• Work means moving, or lifting some thing, warming
  or lighting something.
• Energy is measured in Btu (British Thermal Unit)
  or Joule (Named after the English physicist JAMES
  PRESCOTT JOULE, who discovered that heat is a
  type of energy.
• One Joule is the energy required to lift about
  400gms through a height of 23cms
• 1000 Joules 1Btu
• It takes 2 million Joules to make a pot of coffee

3

• A piece of buttered bread toast contains 315 kilo
  Joules of energy. With this energy you could
• Jog for 6min
• Bicyle for 10min
• Walk briskly for 15min
• Sleep for 1 ½ hours
• Run a car at 80kmph for 7 Secs
• Light a 60Watts bulb for 1 ½ hrs.
• Lift a sack of sugar from floor to counter
  21,000 times.

4

• Kinds of Energy
• Kinetic energy It is energy of motion.
• Potential energy It is the energy due to
  position or energy stored
• Types of Energy
• Light energy
• Chemical energy
• Mechanical energy
• Heat energy
• Electric energy
• Atomic energy
• Sound energy

5

• All these forms of energy can be broken down
  either into Kinetic energy or potential energy.
• Sources of Energy
• Energy resources are broadly classified as
  primary and secondary.

6
(No Transcript)
7

• Primary energy resources are mined or otherwise
  obtained from the environment
• Example
• Fossil fuels Coal, Lignite, Crude oil, Natural
  gas
• Nuclear fuels Uranium, Thorium, other nuclear
  materials
• Hydroenergy It is energy of falling water, used
  to turn a turbine
• Geothermal The heat from the underground streams

8

• Solar energy Electromagnetic radiation from the
  Sun
• Wind energy The energy from moving air used by
  wind mills.
• Tidal energy The energy associated with the rise
  and fall of the tidal waters.
• Secondary energy resources
• It does not occur in nature but is derived from
  Primary energy resources. Ex Electric energy
  from coal burning Hydrogen from electrolysis of
  water

9

• Primary energy resources are further classified
  as Renewable and Non-renewable resources.
• Table Share of different sources in total energy
  use.

10
(No Transcript)
11

• Global energy consumption patter
• Transportation 24
• Industry 40
• Domestic
• Commercial
• purposes 30
• Other uses
• (agriculture etc) 06

12

• Top 20 richest countries of the World consumes
  80 of the natural gas, 65 of the oil, 50 of
  Coal
• Produced every year, while these countries have
  only one fifth of the Worlds population.
• One third of the Worlds population i.e, about
  two Billion people, lack access to adequate
  energy.
• They mainly depend on fuel wood, dung, coal,
  charcoal and kerosene for cooking and heating

13

• Energy Status of India
• Indias energy status is not very promising.
• Its annual about 100 million tonnes of coal
  consumption is 32.5 million tonnes of oil.
• Official estimates report that-
• 40 billion tonnes of coal are available but 50
  is recoverable which is less than the projected
  demand of 23 billion tonnes of coal till the year
  2020.

14

• Oil deposit is about 400 million tonnes as
  against the world oil reserves of 750,000 million
  tonnes.
• Gas reserves is about 100 million cubic metres,
  as against worlds reserves of 63,000 million
  cubic metres.
• Energy scenario of India is Bleak.

15

• ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
• It is an energy in the form of a wave due to
  changing electric and magnetic fields.
• There are different forms of electromagnetic
  radiation, each with a different wavelength and
  energy content.
• Such radiation travels through space at the speed
  of light which is about 300,000 kilometers per
  second.
• Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, X-rays and Ultra violet
  radiations are known as Ionizing radiation.

16

• Ionizing radiation has energy to knock electrons
  from atoms and change them to positively charged
  ions.
• The resulting highly reactive electrons and ions
  can disrupt living cells, interfere with body
  processes and may cause body sickness, including
  various cancers.
• Other form of electromagnetic radiation that does
  not contain enough energy to form ions is known
  as Non Ionizing radiation.

17

• Visible light that can be detected by naked eyes
  is known as Non-Ionizing radiation.
• Non-Ionizing radiation occupies a small portion
  of full range or Spectrum of different type of
  electromagnetic radiation.
• Figure gives the details of Electromagnetic
  Spectrum (EMS)