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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 1.
testes with testicular follicles
(spermatogenesis)
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 2. vas
deferens
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 3.
seminal vesicle
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 4.
ejaculatory duct penis (adeagus)
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands functions -- seminal fluid
activates sperm production
regulated by JH -- spermatophore --
influence female physiology/behavior Oocyte
maturation Oviposition Uricose glands of
Blatteria Vaginal plugs
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System B. Spermatogenesis
production of sperm -- occurs in testicular
follicle -- arise from germ cells
spermatogonia
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System B. Spermatogenesis 1.
germarium -- apical cell -- spermatogonia
(diploid 2N)
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• The Insect Reproductive System
• I. Male Reproductive System
• B. Spermatogenesis
• 2. zone of growth
• -- spermatogonia undergo
• mitosis ?
• spermatocytes (2N)
• -- surrounded by cyst of
• somatic cells sperm cyst

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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System B. Spermatogenesis 3.
Zone of maturation reduction --
spermatocytes undergo meiosis ? spermatids
(haploid,N)
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System B. Spermatogenesis 4.
zone of transformation -- spermatids ?
flagellated spermatozoa
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System B. Spermatogenesis 5.
sperm cyst ruptures sperm into vas deferens
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The Insect Reproductive System I. Male
Reproductive System C. Spermatophore Oder
Orthopera Blatteria
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 1.
ovaries with ovarioles (oogensis oogonia)
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 2.
lateral oviduct common oviduct
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 3.
vagina (bursa copulatrix)
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 4.
spermatheca w/ spermathecal gland
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands functions -- collaterial
glands
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands functions -- ootheca
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System A. Structures 5.
accessory glands functions -- gelatinous
mass around aquatic eggs -- milk of tse tse
fly
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 1. germarium -- oogonia (2N)
undergo mitosis ? primary oocytes (2N) --
prefollicular tissue becomes follicular
epithelium
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 2. vitellarium a. Follicle
(follicular epithelium) -- nutrient uptake --
produce chorion -- ovulation
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 2. vitellarium b. yolk
vitellin -- vitellogenesis --
vitellogenins -- transported by lipophorins
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 2. vitellarium c.
functional types of ovarioles -- based on
how the forming egg is supplied with
vitellogenins, nucleic acids, and RNA
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Panoistic ovariole -- most primitive kind --
Apterygota Orthoptera Odonata Isoptera -- egg
RNA made in nucleus of ova -- follicular
epithelium takes up vitellogenins
Follicular epithelium
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Telotrophic ovariole -- trophocytes (trophic
tissue) in germarium -- connect to oocytes by
nutritive cords -- vitellogenins taken up by
follicular epithelium some produced by
trophocytes -- primary function of trophocytes
supply nucleic acids and RNA to egg -- found in
Hemiptera and some Coleoptera
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Polytrophic ovariole -- trophocytes contained
within follicle -- connected to oocyte by
cytoplasmic bridges -- vitellogenins taken up
by follicular epithelium and some supplied
by trophocytes -- primary function of trophocytes
is to supply oocyte with nucleic acids and RNA --
most common ovariole type in holometabolous
insects
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis 3. egg
ovum
cytoplasm nucleus yolk
micropyle
chorion
periplasm (peripheral cytoplasm)
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis 4.
Control of oogenesis vitellogenesis a.
neurosecretions from pars intercerebralis --
stored in corpora cardiaca -- have several
functions -- activate copora allata (JH
biosynthesis) -- stimulate protein synthesis
(vitellogenesis) -- act as
gonadotropic hormone
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 4. Control of oogenesis b.
JH -- produced by corpora allata --
affects egg maturation -- affects protein
metabolism (vitellogenesis) -- influence
uptake of vitellogenins by oocytes -- release
influenced by mating, photoperiod,
pheromones, presence of eggs, etc.
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis occurs in
ovarioles 4. Control of oogenesis c.
ecdysone -- can be produced by ovaries --
influences vitellogenesis
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System B. Oogensis 4.
Control of oogenesis d. example mosquito
(Aedes)
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Adult female
emerges corpora allata
secretes JH female ingests
blood meal activates
development of neurosecretory cells release fat
bodies resting ovary EDNH (egg
development neurosecretory hormone)
EDNH stimulates ovary to
release ecdysone ecdysone stimulates fat
bodies to produce vitellogenins taken up by
oocyte
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System C. Oviposition 1.
Types a. oviparous lay shelled eggs
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System C. Oviposition 1.
Types b. viviparous live birth no chorion
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System C. Oviposition 1.
Types c. ovoviviparous egg w/ chorion
hatches inside female
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The Insect Reproductive System II. Female
Reproductive System C. Oviposition 2.
ovipositor
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The Insect Reproductive System III.
Copulation A. Methods of sperm transfer 1.
spermatophore deposited on substrate no
copulation
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The Insect Reproductive System III.
Copulation A. Methods of sperm transfer 2.
spermatophore deposited in female
vagina Orthoptera
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The Insect Reproductive System III.
Copulation A. Methods of sperm transfer 3.
transfer of free semen most insects
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The Insect Reproductive System III.
Copulation B. Modifications to copulation
1. Odonata
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The Insect Reproductive System III.
Copulation B. Modifications to copulation
2. Cimex (bedbug) hemocoelic insemination
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Order Hemipera Bedbug
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The Insect Reproductive System IV. Sex
determination A. Hermaphroditism (monoecious)
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The Insect Reproductive System IV. Sex
determination B. Separate sexes (dioecious)
1. chromosomal XX female XY
male (reversed in Lepidopterans)
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The Insect Reproductive System IV. Sex
determination B. Separate sexes (diecious)
2. parthenogeneis hymenoptera
aphids haplodiploidy fertilized egg 2N
female unfertilized egg N male
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The Insect Reproductive System IV. Sex
determination A. Hermaphroditism
(monoecious) B. Separate sexes (diecious)
2. parthenogeneis hymenoptera
aphids haplodiploidy in honey bees -- csd
(complementary sex determining) gene -- highly
polymorphic 18 alleles -- heterozygous
female -- hemizygous male -- homozygous
male (diploid drone)