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Minerals of Earth

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Describe three common nonsillicate crystalline structures. Mineral. Gold, grain of sand, calcite ... Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2, Calcite CaCO3. Carbonate. Halides ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Minerals of Earth


1
Chapter 5
  • Minerals of Earths Crust

2
Sect. 1 What is a Mineral?
  • Objectives
  • Define mineral
  • Compare the two main groups of minerals
  • Identify the six types of silicate crystalline
    structures
  • Describe three common nonsillicate crystalline
    structures

3
Mineral
  • Gold, grain of sand, calcite
  • Natural, usually inorganic solid that has a
    characteristic chemical composition, an orderly
    internal structure, a characteristic set of
    physical properties

4
Characteristics of Minerals
  • 1. Is it inorganic?
  • 2. Does it occur naturally?
  • 3. Is it a crystalline solid?
  • 4. Does it have a consistent chemical
    composition?
  • If YES to all four questions, then its a MINERAL

5
Kinds of Minerals
  • 20 common minerals that make up Earths crust
  • Two main groups
  • Silicates
  • nonsilicates

6
Silicate Minerals
  • Contains combination of Si, O, make up 96 of
    earths crust
  • Quartz- only Si O
  • Feldspars-orthoclase- Si, O and K, plagioclase-
    Si, O, and Na, or Ca, or both
  • Ferromagnesian minerals- Si, O, Fe, Mg
  • Examples- olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles,
    biotite

7
Silicate Minerals
8
Nonsilicate Minerals
  • Approx 4 of Earths crust
  • Do NOT contain Si O
  • Six major classes of nonsilicate minerals

9
Carbonates
  • Compounds that contain a carbonate group (CO3)
  • Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2, Calcite CaCO3

10
Carbonate
11
Halides
  • Compounds that consist of Cl, F combined w/ Na,
    K, or Ca
  • Halite NaCl, Fluorite CaF2

12
Halide
13
Native elements
  • Elements uncombined with other elements
  • Silver Ag, Copper Cu, Gold Au

14
Native element
15
Oxides
  • Compounds that contain O and an element other
    than Si
  • Corundum Al2O3, Hematite Fe2O3

16
Oxides
17
Sulfates
  • Compounds that contain a sulfate group (SO4)
  • Gypsum CaSO4 ? 2H2O, Anhydrite, CaSO4

18
Sulfates
19
Sulfides
  • Compounds that consist of one or more elements
    combined with sulfur
  • Galena PbS, Pyrite FeS2

20
Sulfides
21
Crystalline Structure
  • Crystal- a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules
    are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
  • Minerals that form in a large space may grow into
    one or more large crystals
  • The mineral will take the shape of 1 of 6 major
    crystal systems

22
Crystalline Structure of Silicate minerals
  • Many kinds of silicate minerals- 1 building block
    4 oxygens, 1 silicon

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Arrangements of silicate minerals
  • Isolated tetrahedra- Mg, Fe,olivine
  • Ring silicates
  • Single chain silicates-pyroxenes
  • Double chain silicates-amphiboles
  • Sheet silicates-muscovites, biotite
  • Framework silicates-quartz

26
Crystalline structure of nonsilicate minerals
  • Have an extreme diverse chemical composition
  • Vast variety of crystalline structures

27
Sect.2 Identifying Minerals
  • Study properties of minerals
  • Use properties to identify classify them

28
Color
  • Most noticiable characteristic of minerals
  • It is one of the least reliable characteristics
    b/c many minerals have several varieties with
    different colors

29
Varieties of quarts
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