Title: The Most Significant Change Technique MSC
1The Most Significant Change Technique (MSC)
- Dr Jessica Dart
- Clear Horizon
2MSC
- Form of qualitative, participatory ME
- Based on stories of significant change
- Developed by Davies 1996 - Bangladesh
- Now used in numerous development programs and in
the public sector
3Qualitative vs quantitative monitoring
- Quantitative
- Focus on measurement
- Closed questions
- About proving
- Easy to aggregate
- Deductive
- Static
- Goal displacement can be a problem
- Qualitative
- Focus on questioning
- Open questions
- About learning
- Hard to aggregate
- Inductive
- Dynamic
- Goal displacement is not an issue
4Limitations of indicator based monitoring
- Goal displacement
- Creaming
- Reporting bias
- Not about learning
5Qualitative monitoring
- Can be used in conjunction with conventional
output monitoring - Is usually more aimed at learning than
accountability
6Why stories?
- People tell stories naturally - indigenous
- Stories can deal with complexity and context
- People remember stories
- Stories can carry hard messages /undiscussables
- But stories not known for accuracy/truth
7Use of stories in MSC
- Collection of stories systematic, collective
interpretation storytelling can be effectively
harnessed for participatory evaluation - Because interpretations tell another story
process has beneficial outcomes for evaluation
utilisation
8Overview of MSC
- 1. Determine sorts of change to monitor
- 2. Collect stories
- 3. Review filter stories regularly
- 4. Collate selected stories for funders review
- 5. Monitor the process and verify the stories
9- Demonstration with stories from Australian Dairy
Farmers
10Imagine you are a project steering committee
trying to empower Victorian dairy farmers to make
better business decisionsSelect the story that
best represents what you value
11Overview of MSC
- 1. Determine sorts of change to monitor
- 2. Collect stories
- 3. Review filter stories regularly
- 4. Collate selected stories for funders review
- 5. Monitor the process and verify the stories
12Example
- Target 10 Dairy Extension Project
- Four regions in Victoria, 50 staff
- 1999-2000 trail of the approach
- Still continues today
13Step 1- Selection of domains of change
- 3 broad domains of changes to be monitored at
the project level - Changes in on-farm practice
- Changes in farmer-decision making skills
- Changes in profitability
- Any other type of change
- Not precisely defined
14Step 2 - Collect stories
- During the last month, in your opinion, what do
you think was the most significant change that
took place in terms of on-farm practice of
participants in the project? - The respondent (farmer, extension worker or
industry rep) answers in 2 parts - 1) descriptive 2) explanatory
15Step 3 Review filtering process
- The stories were reviewed by
- The regional committees (every 2-3 months)
- Statewide Executive (every 2-3 months)
- The stories are reviewed using a facilitated
process at the state and funder levels
16(No Transcript)
17Funder meeting
State meetings
flow of stories
feedback
Region 1
Region 2 Region 3 Region 4
Story tellers
18Example of feedback
- Not all stories concerned change
- Need better links between stories projects
- Stories written in the first person by farmers
are powerful - Writing style is important
- Quality of stories increased as participants
learn
19Step 4 - Collate review selected stories
- In total 134 stories were collected - 80 from
extension staff - A booklet containing 24 selected stories
accompanied by the selection criteria comments - Purchasers provide feedback to project after
reviewing booklet
20Step 5 Monitor process verify stories
- A database was developed to keep track of all
stories - Secondary analysis at end of reporting period
- In this case selected stories were not verified
- Storytellers were asked to check final stories in
report
21Impact of MSC
- Staff gained more fully shared vision
- Process boosted their morale
- Process saw farmers, staff, collaborators sitting
together and interpreting qualitative data
casting evaluative judgements - Project committees became better at
conceptualising impact
22Use of stories
- In addition to reporting, stories were used
- To improve planning
- To help explain a point to a farmer
- To recruit new participants
- To help explain a point to another member of
staff - For PR
23Why is MSC different?
- Collection coupled with systematic process of
collective interpretation - The interpretations themselves tell another story
- Process of interpretation can have beneficial
outcomes for utilisation - Extra step of collectively sharing and
interpreting stories adds a new dimension
24What MSC is NOT ABOUT
- Not only about collecting good news stories
- Not aimed at marketing /PR
- Not an easy and quick way to measure unexpected
outcomes - No quantifiable results
- Not recommended as a stand alone approach for
assessing impact
25Purpose of MSC in ME
- Primary purpose to facilitate improvement by
- focusing direction of work towards explicitly
valued directions - eg. what do we really want to achieve and how
will we produce more of it? - Contributes to summative evaluation
- Information about unexpected outcomes
- Performance information concerning very best
success stories - Can inform criteria used to judge projects
- Encourages stakeholder participation
26MSC
- Creates space for stakeholders to reflect, to
make sense of complex changes that occur as
result of intervention - Provides dialogue to help various actors to make
sense of each others values - Facilitates dynamic dialogue ie. what do we
really want to achieve and how will we produce
more of it? - Particularly useful for participatory programs
with diverse, complex outcomes, multiple
funders/ stakeholders groups