Avian Influenza :

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USAID Partners Meeting
Avian Influenza OIE and FAO Common Analysis
Lessons Learned
Dr Nicolas Denormandie World Organisation for
Animal Health, OIE Dr Frédéric Poudevigne Food
and Agriculture Organisation, FAO
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(No Transcript)
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HPAI endemic Countries
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Research of H5N1 on Wild birds (FAO-CIRAD Survey)

• 2006 n gt5 000
• viral Detection
• no H5N1 detected
• no HPAI (clinic)
• LPAI detection 3,3

• Campagne 2007 n gt5 000
• viral Detection(n8000)
• So far no H5N1 detected
• no other HPAI strain, so far
• LPAI detection 0,4

Sites de prélèvements en 2006
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The Current H5N1 Asian strain

• Spread through 3 continents
• Role of migratory waterfowl ?
• Role of commercial exchanges
• Difficult to control in countries if unable to
  rapidly detect and control the virus
• The widespread over 3 continents is a first time
• 60 countries infected since end of 2003
• Stability of the strain no human to human
  transmission
• REMINDER H5N1 can be low pathogenic (8 genes
  are involved)

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Important Lessons learned
Global

• Poultry sector a revolution
• Added Value from Regional approach and
  cooperation between countries
• Learn from others experience
• Harmonize methodologies, strategies
• Share information
• Coordination among partners real progress

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Important Lessons learned
From prevention and surveillance

• Early detection and rapid response has prevented
  establishment of disease in the majority of the
  infected countries .
• Reliable data on poultry sector and value chain
  (for cost effective measures)
• Delayed detection and response has led to endemic
  or uncontrolled situation (Indonesia, Nigeria,
  Egypt)
• Laboratory efficiency is crucial.
• The role of public and private veterinary
  networks is important as well as all actors (CDS)
• Authoritarian policies to change poultry
  production systems are often inefficient and can
  be risky

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Important Lessons learned (Cont)
From Outbreak control

• Strong governance and efficient national chain of
  command are essential
• Importance of security forces to secure
  restricted areas
• Culling is an expensive control measure but so
  far most effective
• Compensation is crucial to encourage transparency
  and biosecurity measures ()
• Technical support assistance
• Integrated control programs are more successful
  (communication, socio economic, animal and public
  health)
• Each country should develop the strategy based on
  their own situation
• Vaccination can limit spread but used alone and
  without permanent monitoring it does not
  eliminate H5N1
• Importance of continued donor support

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Important Lessons learned (Cont)
From Pandemic preparedness activities

• The competition in resources between animal
  disease control and pandemic preparedness
  complicates the implementation of efficient
  control strategies
• All governments followed WHO recommendations even
  if not relevant to their national situation.
• No proven human transmission from the
  consumption of poultry products
• Importance of good quality and more specific
  communication

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Important Lessons learned (Cont)
From Regional survey

• Trade (legal or illegal) plays a major part in
  spreading the disease
• Increasing awareness in cross border issues
• Continuing threat of transboundary spread
  (reintroducing threat) from enzootic country
• HPAI infections may have become established in
  wild water bird populations (re-infections)

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Positive Trends

• Mortality of wild birds is currently strongly
  decreasing
• Countries are able to detect and resolve
  outbreaks quicker
• Less outbreaks in domestic poultry in most newly
  infected countries
• Species other than wild birds and poultry have
  not yet been involved in the transboundary spread
  of the virus
• Availability of international funds

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Positive Trends

• Capacity building in veterinary services
• Improvement of laboratory infrastructures and
  capacity
• Better sharing of strains and data
• No human cases without animal outbreaks present

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Pandemic Potential

• No human cases without animal outbreaks present
• All countries worldwide should be able to detect
  early and control the virus quickly at its animal
  source
• Improvements and investments in Veterinary
  Services to address this concern are also
  relevant for responding to future emerging and
  re-emerging diseases linked with globalization
  and climatic changes

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!