Sharon Kay Stoll, Ph'D'

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To MOVE With Meaning .. THAT IS THE QUESTION...

• Sharon Kay Stoll, Ph.D.
• For the Philosophy Academy

Apologies to Hamlet, Shakespeare, Act III
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A Prior

• A is prior to B, if and only if B could not exist
  without A
• A is prior to B in knowledge if and only if, we
  cannot know B without knowing A.

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Values and Knowing

• Moral Values Justice, Honesty, Respect,
  Responsibility
• Non Moral Values Utility, Intrinsic, Inherent,
  Extrinsic, Contributory
• Wm. Frankena (1973). Ethics. Englewood Cliffs
  NJ Prentice Hall.

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NASPE

• Fitness
• Knowledge
• Skill
• Pleasure

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Rule 1

• Criterion of Intrinsic Value Values that are
  good in themselves are superior to values that
  lead to good things.

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Rule 2

• Criterion of Satisfaction Experiences that
  include satisfaction carry more intrinsic power
  than those that do not.

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Rule 3

• Criterion of Meaning. Satisfactory experiences
  that build a coherent and meaningful like take
  precedence over those that are isolated moments
  of pleasure.

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The First Study

• Purpose To examine if current techniques used to
  motivate individuals to healthy active lifestyles
  are from an extrinsic perspective or an intrinsic
  basis.

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The Design

• Survey of 11 questions
• Distributed to 49 students enrolled in a required
  fitness/wellness course for all university aged
  students.

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Results

• 47 of 49 liked to play sports first because it
  was fun and second for the enjoyment of exercise.
• Exercise was connoted with health practices and
  play was connoted with internal values

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The Second Study
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Purpose

• To evaluate the activity levels of 5th graders to
  12th graders and the factors that influenced
  their desire to continue an active lifestyle.
• Hypothesis Work environment of most competitive
  sport settings had a negative effect on
  individual appreciation and participation in play
  activities.

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Findings

• As the competition level increases with age, the
  joy of movement in play decreases. Subjects were
  no longer seeking the enjoyment in movement, but
  rather the success rate that they could contain
  (winning).

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The Third Study

• Purpose To observe the general attitudes
  towards physical activity and human movement in
  students of various ages ranging from K-12.

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Hypothesis

• As the students get older, their positive
  attitude, as evidenced by certain motor
  behaviors, towards physical activity and movement
  generally weakens.

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Findings

• A marked decrease in motivation as the students
  progressed towards high school the question is
  why?
• We do not believe that it is due to adolescence.
• The intrinsic motivation seen in younger students
  is lost.

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Discussion

• Without meaningfulness and satisfaction, physical
  activity declines whether in the physical
  education classroom, the competitive arena, or
  the collegiate adult fitness programs.

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A Prior Conclusion

• 1. Values that are good in themselves are
  superior to values that lead to good things.
• Experiences that include satisfaction carry more
  intrinsic power than those that do not.
• Satisfactory experiences that build a coherent
  and meaningful life take precedence over those
  that are isolated moments of pleasure.

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A Prior Conclusion

• Let us begin to develop coherent life stories in
  movement for ourselves and our participants,
  students, colleagues, and clients.

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Questions to ask...

• 1. What is the overall purpose of this program?
• What extrinsic values are gleaned?
• What intrinsic values are supported?
• Will these intrinsic values support a lifetime of
  movement? What life story is developed by the
  participant as they play, participate, and
  exercise?

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Questions to ask...

• 2. How are you supporting the development of
  these intrinsic values?
• Do you portray a value structure directed toward
  the development of intrinsic values? Or are the
  cues that you offer based solely on extrinsic
  reward, BPM, miles run, Go for the burn. No
  pain, No gain. and so forth?
• What educational methodology and curriculum do
  you offer your students that will help them
  discover a meaningful life story that is
  articulated through movement?