Embryology ANA 500

1
Embryology ANA 500

• Lecture Notes
• Jill M Davis

2
Summary of Human Development

• Gametogenesis development of eggs and sperm
• Embryonic Period 1st 8 weeks
• Fertilization
• Cleavage
• Gastrulation
• Neurulation
• Organogenesis
• Fetal Period 9th week to birth

3
Directional Terminology

• Anatomical Position
• Superior
• Inferior
• Cranial
• Caudal
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Dorsal
• Ventral
• Sagittal

• Frontal (coronal)
• Transverse
• Median
• Medial
• Lateral
• Proximal
• Distal

4
(No Transcript)
5
Reproductive System

• Early Sexual Development in both males and
  females
• Primordial germ cells first appear in the yolk
  sack at the 3rd week of development
• These cells migrate to the developing gonads
  (ovaries or testes) during the 4th week.

6
Female Sexual Development

• Puberty
• secondary sex characteristics appear
• Begins usually between 12-15 years
• Menarche first menstruation
• Primary Sex organs Ovaries
• Produce oocytes
• Secretes estrogen and progesterone
• Secondary Sex organs
• Uterus
• Uterine tubes
• Vagina
• External genitalia

7
Secondary Sex Organs - female

• Uterus
• Body superior 2/3
• Fundus
• Isthmus
• Cornua (horns)
• Cervix inferior 1/3
• Cervicalcanal
• Internal os
• External os
• Layers of the uterine wall
• Perimetrium
• Myometrium
• Endometrium

8
Secondary Sex Organs - Female

• Endometrium has several layers
• Basal layer
• is not shed during menstruation
• has its own blood supply
• contains ends of glands
• Functional layer
• Is shed during menstruation
• Spongy layer next to basal layer
• Compact layer superficial

9
Secondary Sex Organs - Female

• Uterine tubes
• A.k.a. ovaducts, Fallopian tubes
• Fimbriae spread over the surface of the ovary
• Infundibulum open to the abdominal cavity
• Ampulla site for fertilization, widest and
  longest part
• Isthmus enters the cornu of the uterus
• Uterine part passes through the myometrium

10
Secondary Sex Organs - Female

• Vagina
• External Genitalia (vulva)
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibule
• Urethral opening
• hymen