Westward Expansion into the Ohio Valley and Beyond

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Westward Expansion into the Ohio Valley and Beyond

• The Frontier Experiences of the Boone and Clark
  Families

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Bringing History Alive

• History as storytelling
• History as inquiry

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Student research

• Asking questions
• Finding Answers
• Evaluating Sources
• Distinguishing between fact and opinion
• Reporting Results
• Comparing Answers

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Going Beyond the Text

• Textbooks introduce the topic and provide basic
  information
• Use primary sources and first hand accounts to
  recreate the past
• Use maps, pictures, paintings, and structures as
  tools for reading the past
• Whenever possible use local sources as links to
  understanding the past

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History is More than Facts

• Discuss how and why things change
• Stress cause and effect relationships
• Emphasize chronology more than dates--use time
  lines
• Encourage students to draw upon their own
  experiences to make comparisons

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Things to Remember

• The importance of time and place
• Understanding the difference between then and now
  (The past is a different place)
• Be inclusive. Stress Americas cultural
  diversity. Make sure to incorporate the stories
  of Native Americans, African Americans, women,
  children, and all other people who were present
  at the time.
• Ordinary people often do extraordinary things
• Do not forget the global perspective

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The Task Today

• Setting the stage/providing a context
• Telling the stories/the Boones and the Clarks
• Using source materials

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Setting the Stage Contesting for North America

• What groups claimed land in North America?
• What was the basis for their claims?
• What steps did they take to assert their claims?

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Early Indian Tribal Boundaries
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Spain in America
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1606 Virginia Charter
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North America 1750
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French and Indian War, 1754-1763

• A part of a continuing global contest for empire
• Unlike the previous conflicts, this one began in
  North America
• Major battles fought in North America
• Outcome altered the map of North America
• Importance of the Ohio Valley

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The French and Indian War

• Origins of the conflict--France and Britain
  contest the Ohio Valley
• George Washington makes an appearance
• Indians fought on both sides
• Braddocks campaign

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Treaty of Paris,1763
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The Aftermath of the French and Indian War

• What were the consequences of the removal of
  France from North America?
• Impact on Native Peoples?
• Relations between English colonies and the mother
  country?
• Issues of control and taxation
• Lord Dunmores War, 1774

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Competing Claims 1774

• Englands claims to the West
• Individual colonies with claims
• Indian claims
• The People of the Pen vs. the People of the
  Sword The Cases of Pennsylvania and Virginia.

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Declaring Independence

• Continental Congress Declares Independence 1776
• French Alliance of 1778
• Treaty of Paris, 1783
• Recognizes U.S. Independence
• Mississippi River the western boundary

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The American Revolution in the West

• George Rogers Clark elected as delegate to
  Virginia Assembly
• Kentucky made a separate county in 1776
• Led military campaign in the West

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Articles of Confederation

• Created Americas first national government
• Power resides with states
• Congress cannot tax or regulate trade
• Unicameral legislature/equal representation by
  states
• Unanimous consent needed to amend the Articles

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Bounding the Land

• Metes and bounds/Daniel Boone as a surveyor
• Land Ordinance of 1785
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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Land Ordinance of 1785

• Provided for systematic survey of lands
• Townships divided into 36 sections (one square
  mile/640 acres)
• Section 16 set aside to support schools

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Northwest Ordinance 1787
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U.S. Constitution Ratified

• Washington Inaugurated first president
• Kentucky admitted to the Union 1792
• Pinckneys Treaty opens Mississippi River to
  commerce
• Indian Wars in the West
• Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794
• Treaty of Greenville, 1795

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The Lure of the West

• Why did settlers abandon the seaboard states and
  travel to the West?
• Who went West and why?
• What were some of the impediments to moving West?
• How did the Revolutionary War affect westward
  movement?
• What routes did western travelers follow?
• What modes of travel did the employ?

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Where to settle?

• Why was Kentucky so popular?
• What factors influenced the places they chose to
  settle?

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Flatboats

• What were the pros and cons of river travel?

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Daniel Boone
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Boone in Kentucky
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Daniel Boone Crossing the Cumberland Gap
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Wilderness Road
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John Filsons Book
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Filsons Map
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George Rogers Clark

• George Rogers Clark helps establish U.S. claims
  in the Trans-Appalachian West

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