Research%20Challenges%20for%20Military%20Networking

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Research Challenges for Military Networking
Ken Young kcy_at_research.telcordia.com (973)
829-4928 September 6, 2002
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Talk Outline

• Background on military networking challenges
• ARL CTA program
• DARPA AJCN program
• CECOM MOSAIC ATD
• Networking technologies
• Node and domain autoconfiguration
• Routing
• Reliable transport
• Other challenges
• Integration challenges
• Transition challenges
• Conclusions

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Current Battlefield Networks - Tactical Internet
Brigade TOC
Division TOC
MSE
Brigade TOC
NTDR
Upper Echelon
Battalion TOC
Brigade TOC
Battalion TOC
EPLRS (Enhanced Position Location Reporting
System)
Battalion TOC
SINCGARS (Single Channel Ground and Airborne
System)
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Future Battlefield Networking Concept
Sustaining Base
OTM Enclave
Sensor Nets
OTM Enclave
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FCS Networking Implications

• Mobile ad hoc networks must smoothly blend
  heterogeneous physical layers
• Self-organizing and self-managing network
  operations
• Networking that accommodates directional antennas
• Network sessions must be maintained while
  on-the-move
• Network survivability with graceful degradation
• High throughput for collaborative C4ISR to
  support network-centric operations
• QoS for real-time traffic with dynamic network
  topologies
• Indirect routing and dynamic load balancing
• Mitigation of MAC/routing/transport layer
  vulnerabilities
• Topology control and predictive routing for
  mobile line-of-sight backbones

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Survivable Wireless Mobile Networks

• Objective Dynamically self-configuring wireless
  network technologies that enables secure,
  scaleable, energy-efficient, and reliable
  communications
• Research challenges
• Scalability to thousands of nodes
• Highly mobile nodes and infrastructure
• Severe bandwidth and energy constraints
• Decentralized networking and dynamic
  reconfiguration
• Accommodation of high bit-error-rate, wireless
  networks
• Seamless interoperability
• Scientific barriers
• Understanding of trade-offs under bandwidth,
  energy, processing capability, bit-error-rate,
  latency, and mobility constraints
• Understanding of interactions between cross-layer
  algorithms
• Limited modeling capability for scaling
  distributed algorithms

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Node/Network Autoconfiguration
Config Database
ACM
BB
DCDP distributes new configuration
MySQL
Node
Network GUI
Config Server
YAP low-bandwidth configuration reports
DRCP configures subnet interfaces
Preconfigurednode capabilities
Local GUI
Interface
ACM Adaptive Configuration Manager
DCDP Dynamic Configuration Distribution Protocol
DRCP Dynamic and Rapid Configuration Protocol
L-GUI Display of local node capabilities and
configuration
N-GUI Display of network topology and
configuration
YAP Configuration database maintenance and
access protocol
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Node/Network Autoconfiguration Performance
Autoconfiguration Time
Autoconfiguration Overhead
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Domain Autoconfiguration

• Objective Autoconfigured domains for scalable,
  survivable and efficient routing, configuration,
  security and QoS in dynamic networks

Mountainous terrain

• Research issues
• Dynamically selecting border nodes
• Aggregating domain information
• Algorithms to dynamically decide domain
  membership based on node mobility, roles,...
• Scalable and robust protocols to create and
  maintain domains in dynamic networks
• Isolating and resolving faults and intrusions
  using dynamic domain reconfiguration
• Approach
• Hierarchical topological domains built from
  individual interfaces
• Independent domains for each function

Unstable links
Stable links
Flat terrain
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MANET Routing Hierarchy
Backbone Network
Conventional Routing
JTRS WNW Subnet
MANET Routing
Dismount Radios
MANET Routing
Gateway/Border Router Nodes
MANET Routing Examples
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Dynamic Border Router

• Enhanced autoconfiguration technology to create
  and maintain domains
• DBR automatically selected if node has interfaces
  in multiple domains
• Demonstration on small testbed (AODV/RIP
  AODV/AODV)
• Transition to CECOM MOSAIC ATD
• Automatically selected by ACM
• Developing algorithms to dynamically decide
  domain membership based on node mobility, roles,
  link stability...

Mountainous terrain
Unstable links
Stable links
Flat terrain
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Heterogeneous Domain Routing

• Objective Develop scalable and efficient routing
  protocols in heterogeneous mobile wireless
  networks

• Approach
• Configure/reconfigure the network into more
  homogeneous routing domains
• Design routing modules specific to each domain
  for intra-domain routing
• Challenges
• Characterizing performance of routing strategies
  in dynamic and Byzantine environments
• Interactions of routing protocols at the border
  nodes
• Developing inter-domain routing protocols for
  routing among border nodes

Domain instances
Static, sparse domain
Reverse route notification
Routing modules
Link failure notification
Highly dynamic domain
Inter-domain routing
Domain instances
Probabilistic broadcast
Domain specific routing
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Bandwidth Broker Functional Components

• IP-level topology
• Config. Database dynamically updates
• Per Class Resource Information
• Provisioned and available link capacity
• Call Status Information

Bandwidth Broker
Resource Database
Resource Database
Policy Database
Policy Database

• Domain wide QoS policy info
• DiffServ functions in nodes

Configuration Database via YAP Server

• QoS Resource Management within domain
• Database initialization and update
• QoS Resource configuration in nodes
• Admission Control into the domain
• Based on network state, policy requests
• Also call/session events across domains

Admission Control Resource Manager
Other BBs
Admission Control Resource Manager
NEs
Applications via Service Manager (SM)
Network Nodes (Routers)
Reliable UDP avoids TCP congestion control
problems in wireless environment

• Reliable UDP communication
• Avoids TCP congestion control problems

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Some Comparative Performance Test Results
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Reliable Transport

• Objective Alternative transport protocols that
  increase end-to-end performance, survivability,
  and reliability of FCS applications

• Approach
• SCTP (RFC 2960) for FCS environment
• Partial delivery for differentiated QoS of
  multiple prioritized streams
• Multi-homing and cross-stream data bundling to
  provide load balancing and path selection
• Denial-of-service-resistant connection
  establishment
• Analyze empirically using SCTP reference
  implementations
• Evaluate performance tradeoffs under different
  mobility conditions
• Define visionary progress of SCTP for FCS

• Research Issues
• Performance during failover/changeover
• Performance/bandwidth impact of avoiding
  abort/restart transport connections that support
  longer term applications
• Optimal flow control for providing different QoS
  for application streams using same transport
  connection

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Improved Transport Layer Congestion Control

• Explore new transport layer alternatives for
  survivable wireless mobile networks
• Capitalize on opportunity to influence SCTP
  standard
• Split Fast Retransmit Changeover-Aware Congestion
  Control (SFR CACC) algorithm submitted as IETF
  Internet Draft
• Exploit transport layer multi-homing for
  uninterrupted end-to-end communication

• Significantly enhances transport layers ability
  to support persistent on-the-move sessions for
  FCS networks

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Other Networking Research Challenges

• Data Link Layer
• Energy-efficient topology control and MAC
• Self-organizing subnets
• Quality of Service
• Estimating bandwidth and delay on individual
  links
• Allocating bandwidth and delay to meet end to end
  objectives
• QoS coordination across layers (physical to
  application)
• Multicast
• With mobility, QoS, etc.
• Reliable multicast
• Security
• Distributed dynamic trust establishment and key
  management
• Efficient, robust message authentication
• Intrusion detection and mitigation
• Vulnerability assessment
• Network Management
• Fault detection and localization
• Self-healing
• ....

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Integration Example MOSAIC AMPS
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Transition Example - JTRS SCA 2.0 View
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Transition Example - FCS
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Conclusions

• Networking challenges at multiple layers
  interactions between layers key in wireless
  mobile networks
• Data link
• Network
• Transport
• Whats most important? Current FCS LSI opinion is
  that highest risk areas are
• Mobility
• Heterogeneous QoS
• Scalability
• Also many interesting research issues in the
  seams
• Integration
• Transition