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Surfactants

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Preservatives. benzoic/salicylic acid. Thickening agents. cellulose. Anti-oxidant. BHT ... Preservative. 0.1-1. Sweetener: sodium saccharine. 0.5-3. Flavour: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Surfactants


1
Surfactants Formulations
  • Kausar Ahmad
  • Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, IIUM

2
Choice of surfactants
  • HLB
  • PIT
  • H/L numbering
  • Water absorbing method
  • Applicable for simple phase emulsions but not for
    complex phase materials.
  • Normally based on trial and error

3
Characteristics of Emulsifiers
  • Combination of anionic and nonionic to give
    excellent emulsion stability and viscosity
    control
  • Examples of nonionic fatty acid monoglycerides,
    sorbitan fatty acid esters, sugar esters,
    derivatives of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol
    ethers/fatty acid esters/sorbitan fatty acid
    esters/hydrogenated castor oil
  • Examples of anionic fatty acid soaps, fatty
    alcohol sulfates

4
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5
Surfactants in Cosmetics
  • Determine appearance, chemical physical
    properties, usage and storage conditions
  • From soaps changed to nonionic surfactants less
    toxic
  • Emulsifiers should satisfy the following
  • No toxicity and skin irritation
  • Chemically and physically stable (expiry?)
  • Surfactants should not affect other ingredients
    too many ingredients!

6
Formulation Examples of Creams and Ointments
  • O/W COLD CREAM
  • Stearic acid
  • Liquid paraffin
  • Vaseline
  • Cetyl stearyl alcohol
  • POE polyol f.a. esters
  • Glycerine
  • TEA
  • Deionised water
  • Methyl paraben
  • perfume

7
Cosmetic Bases
  • Fats and oils
  • Waxes
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Fatty acids
  • Alcohols
  • esters
  • Requirement
  • Low toxicity and skin irritation
  • No harmful effect on dermo-physiology
  • Physical and chemical stability
  • No propagation of bacteria

8
Shampoos
  • Surfactants
  • AnionicPOE alkyl ether sulfate
  • Amphotericimidazoline (low iritant)
  • nonionic fatty acid alkalonamides
  • Requirement
  • Satisfactory cleansing power
  • Easy rinsing no scum
  • Soft good manageability
  • Luster
  • Low irritation to skin eyes

9
Additives for Shampoo
  • Preservativesbenzoic/salicylic acid
  • Thickening agentscellulose
  • Anti-oxidantBHT
  • Ultraviolet rays absorbentbenzophenone
  • Conditioning agentfats/oils, cationic
    surfactant
  • Anti-dandruff agentselenium disulfide
  • Opacifiermica,polystyrene

10
Example of Shampoo Formulation
  • Refer YOUR actual shampoo formulation!

11
Cream Rinse and Conditioner
  • Primary ingredient is cationic surfactant ca.
    1-5e.g. dialkyl dimethyl ammonium saltthe
    longer the alkyl chain, the greater the softening
    effect (thick conditioner?)
  • E.g. of nonionicPOE sorbitan fatty acid ester

12
Ingredients other than surfactants
  • Fats oils
  • Solvent and humectant
  • Thickener

13
Dentrifices
  • Pastesblended suspension of liquid paste
    thickened with binders
  • Gels
  • Powders
  • Liquids

14
Ingredients and Composition of Toothpaste
15
Surfactants in Toothpaste
  • Provide the expected foaming
  • Reduce surface tension
  • Penetrate and loosen surface deposits
  • Emulsify and suspend debris which toothpaste
    removes from surface of teeth
  • E.g sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium coconut
    monoglyceride sulfonate

16
Exercise
  • Identify surfactants in
  • Hair shampoo
  • Mouth wash
  • What are their specific functions?
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