Owners: Rahinah Ibrahim

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Atlantic Boston University

• Owners Rahinah Ibrahim Ryan Crockett
• Architectural Team Shan Pan Jörg Braunes
• Engineering Team Molly Morse Claes Hellsten
• Construction Team Mohamed Nour Tomoya Imai
• Apprentice Lisa Hill

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Site Boston University Campus
School of Social Work
School of Law
Marsh Chapel
Parking lot
Collage of Arts and Sciences
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Temperature, Heating/Cooling Days
Average Temperature
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
C -1.8 -0.9 3.6 8.9 14.5 19.8 23.0 22.1 18.2 12.6 7.3 0.8 10.7
F 28.8 30.4 38.5 48.0 58.1 67.6 73.4 71.8 64.8 54.7 45.1 33.4 51.3
Heating Degree Days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
C 626 540 454 281 122 17 0 3 40 178 328 540 3133
F 1127 972 817 506 220 31 0 5 72 320 590 972 5639
Cooling Degree Days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
C 0 0 0 0 5 62 146 122 36 2 0 0 376
F 0 0 0 0 9 112 263 220 65 4 0 0 677
It is a cold place in general, the building needs
to worry about HEATING for most of the
year. COOLING is NOT a major concern.
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Rainfall Wind
Average Rainfall
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
mm 94.9 90.8 100.4 92.7 84.3 78.6 72.9 91.7 82.3 86.6 109.9 104.8 1091.0
inches 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 4.3 4.1 43.0
Average Wind Speed- (MPH) YRS JAN FEB
MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
OCT NOV DEC ANN 45 13.7
13.7 13.6 13.1 12.0 11.4 11.0
10.8 11.3 11.9 12.7 13.4
12.4
Plenty of water, will effect roof design, wall
material, and draining system.
Wind is a liability in Winter, but an asset in
Summer (ventilation)
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Snow
Plenty of snow, will effect roof design mainly
(architectural structural).
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Solar Radiation
Average Global Solar Radiation
City State Daily Average Solar Radiation(kwh/m2/day)
San Francisco California 5.4
Honolulu Hawaii 5.7
Chicago Illinois 4.4
New Orleans Louisiana 5.0
Boston MA 4.6
430PM
730PM
730AM
430AM
An asset, the building should collect as much as
solar energy for HEATING.
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Vision (L-Shape) Sustainability
Climatic condition Architecture Response
Too cold for comfort a liability 5639 heating degree days 677 cooling degree days. Keep the heat in and cold temperature out ( Except for summer)
Sun an asset let the sunshine in (except in summer for a short period) Open to south to gain sunlight shade sunlight in summer.
Rain fall, snow fall a liability Design roofs with slopes avoid flat roofs
Wind, a liability for the most of the year, but an asset in summer. Site should use summer wind for ventilation but shield winter wind.
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Site
Boston, MASSACHUSETTS USA (42.36N 71.03W)
River
Ocean
The campus of Boston University
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Ground Floor Plan

• Auditorium
• Instructional Labs
• Computer Labs
• Big Classrooms
• Equipment

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1st Floor Plan

• Auditorium
• Chairs Office
• Senior Ad.
• Secretary
• Faculty Offices
• Seminar
• Faculty Lounge

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2nd Floor Plan
Void
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Roof Plan
Skylight
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Elevations Sections
Excavate 6ft
Skylight
10o Slope
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Perspective Materials
Recycled Roofing waste natural fibers
Double Pane Glazing High quality of insulation
Certified Wood
Green Concrete Wall (Ground floor only)
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Site Constraints
Soil Profile 20ft fill 20ft sand (coarse to
fine) 100ft clay argillite rock Rock is 140 feet
down water table is 15 ft down
Lateral loads wind 110mph snow load
25psf

• Gravity loads
• Dead loads
• structural framing 60psf
• MEP 15psf
• partitions 20psf
• Live Loads
• Auditorium 60 psf
• corridors 100psf
• roof 20psf

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Foundation solution
pre-stressed concrete piles square section D16
A256in2, 8 - .5" strands, min effective
pressure 179K.
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Structural Plan 1 Concrete
Steel structure
Concrete walls
Concrete girders
Concrete columns
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Typical components
Selection of the reinforcement for slab
supporting wall
Rebars d 0,6 Stirups d 0,3
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Structural Plan 2 Steel
Load path slab a beam a column
20 gage, 2 LOK floor, concrete 2.5, total
slab thickness 4.5in
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Composite Action
20 gage, 2 LOK floor, concrete 2.5, total
slab thickness 4.5in
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Load Paths
Vertical loads Slab-beam-column foundation
Horizontal loads
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Auditorium-Concrete
cables
Concrete column d 4
Steel frame transversals d 4 diagonals d
2
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Auditorium-Steel
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Cantilever Steel
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Site Layout Planning
B
A
Storage
A
B
Storage
B
B
A
A
B
A
Storage
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Procedures Before Construction

• Required permits from City of Boston
• Short Form Permit - minor repairs, no structural
  work, no change of use of occupancy or egress.
• Long Form Permit - Construct new buildings or
  additions to buildings or to perform structural
  repairs, alterations, or renovations requiring
  plans or to change the use and occupancy or to
  increase capacity.
• Amendment - Modify an issued Long Form Permit.
• Use of Premises Permit - Allow a particular use
  for open space area of land.
• Demolition Permit - Demolish the interior or
  exterior of a structure.
• Electrical and Fire Alarm Permits.
• Plumbing, Gas and Sprinkler Installation Permits.
  
• Garage Permits and Flammable Licenses.
• Other Requirement
• Boston Inspectional Services and the Boston Fire
  Department work cooperatively on permits to
  assure building safety.
• We are allowed to work from 700 AM to 600 PM
  Monday through Friday.

Flow of the Procedure
Receive the Yellow Building Permit Card
Application
Go
23 weeks
Within 6 months
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Scheduling L Shape

• Steel Structure

• Sequence
• Frame
• Roof
• slab

Conc. Structure

• Sequence
• GF
• 1F
• 2F
• Roof

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Scheduling L ShapeSteel Structure
Snow Season
Start Date

• Shell Finish

Labs Finish
Wait for snow season ending
Construction Finish
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Scheduling L ShapeConcrete Structure
Snow Season
Start Date
Shell Finish
Cannot change this sequence

• Labs Finish

Construction Finish
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Scheduling L Shape

• Solution Precast Frame

• Sequence
• Frame Precast
• Roof
• Slab CIP

• The same sequence as steel structure
• Also, almost the same duration as steel

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Concept (Double Diamond Shape)
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First Floor
Circulation Classrooms Student offices Storage Res
troom/Mech.
School of Social Work
School of Law
50ft
0ft
Marsh Chapel
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Second Floor
Circulation Auditorium Instructural labs Seminar
rooms Faculty offices Computer room Lounge Storage
Restroom/mech.
50ft
0ft
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Third Floor
Circulation Auditorium Instructural labs Seminar
rooms Faculty offices Student offices Lounge Stora
ge Restroom/mech.
50ft
0ft
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Section / Elevation
Circulation Auditorium Classrooms Instructural
labs Student offices Computer room Storage
section
9ft
18ft
30ft
9ft
12ft
9ft
5ft
0ft
50ft
north
south
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Requirements
SF required SF available
Faculty offices 3,600 3,532
Chairs office 300 291
Senior Admin. office 300 291
Secretaries 300 308
Faculty lounge 1,000 1,127
Students offices 1,200 1,158
Auditorium 3,000 2,800
Large classrooms 1,600 1,660
Small classrooms 2,000 2,029
Seminar rooms 800 744
Instr. Labs 2,000 2,037
Computer mach. room 800 781
Technical support 100 74
Storage 1,000 858
Total 18,000 17,690
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Influence of E and C
E
C
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3D Views
N
south
N
north
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Materials
Auditorium metal cladding
Solar cells (as shutter or awning) and
translucent heat insulation
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LEED
collecting rain water (water basin around the
auditorium)
recycled materials
active solar energy (solar cells)
passive solar energy (translucent heat insulation)
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Structural Plan 1 Steel
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Structural Plan Concrete
Steel structure
Concrete walls
Concrete girders
Concrete columns
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The Office part
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The Lounge
Length 60 height 20 Diagonals d
2 Transversals d 4 Verticals d 4
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The Auditorium
Columns h 26 d 8 Truss verticals
d 1,2 horizontals d 0,6
Primary beams span 45 d 8 Secondary
beams span 40 dv 3 dh 6
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Auditorium-Steel
column height 25ft
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Site Layout Planning
Access to Site
Float Pad
Moving around with Mob. Cranes
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Scheduling DD Shape

• Steel Structure

• Sequence
• Frame
• Roof Slab (CIP)
• CIP Slab

Conc. Structure

• Sequence
• GF
• 1F
• 2F

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Scheduling DD ShapeSteel Structure
Snow Season
Start Date

• Shell Finish

Labs Finish
Wait for snow season ending
Construction Finish
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Scheduling DD ShapeConcrete Structure
Snow Season
Start Date
Shell Finish
Cannot change this sequence

• Labs Finish

Construction Finish
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Scheduling DD Shape

• Solution Precast Frame

• Sequence
• Frame Precast
• Roof Slab Precast
• Other Slabs CIP

• The same sequence as steel structure
• Also, almost the same duration as steel

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Selection of Equipment
Height limitations of 30 feet
Section
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Selection of Equipment
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Selection of Equipment
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Selection of Equipment

• Advantages
• Vacum Cleaning / Ease of Maintenance
• Less Energy consumption CO2 emissions (26).
• Distribution of Cables
• Flexibility of Re-configuration
• Enabling Powered Furnitiure
• Cheaper to Build
• Less life Cycle Cost
• Saves Time
• Increase Capital Allowance and improves Cash Flow
• Off- Peak Use

• Disadvantages
• Did not Stand the Test of Time
• All information is out of research work

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Budget Analysis

• We are given 5,500,000 at 2002
• -If we assume that the interest rate is 2,
  then, our budget at the beginning of 2016 will be
• 5.5M x 1.0214 7,257,133
• If we assume the inflation rate as 2.6 annually,
  then the present value in 2004 of the budget is
• 7,257,133 / 1.02612 5,333,309

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Cost Evaluations
DD 816K 675K 802K
L-Shape 790K
635K 719K
Steel
CIP
Precast
Precast
CIP
Steel
Precast Concrete is cheap, But difficult to
construct because of its shape (Depends on too
many walls)
Precast Concrete is not so cheap
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Cost Estimation Comaparison
Varient Double Diamond Double Diamond L-Shape L-Shape
Steel 5.56M 202/ sf 5.45M 192/sf
PreCast Conc. 5.54M 201/sf 5.37M 189/sf
CIP Conc. 5.38 195/sf 5.3M 186/sf
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Trade-off Analysís
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Decision Matrix
PRO CON PRO CON
Sustainable Design Efficient space planning Difficulties to construct 6ft excavation separate functions faculty offices very private classrooms all in ground floor generous lobby and lounge 4 excavation, emergency stairs only outside only one stairway inside
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Decision Matrix
PRO CON PRO CON
rectangular grid easy load path nice column placement long cantilevers cantilevered auditorium easier auditorium shorter cantilevers shorter beam spans curve in building cantilevered lounge column in classroom
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Decision Matrix
PRO CON PRO CON
cheap, merit on precast complicated structure long duration for structure fast start fast to build the structure Expensive needs a lot of on-site prefabrication for truss structure
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Solution to Pursue
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Apprentice Contribution

• TASKS
• Team meetings
• Research
• Presentation
• Next green materials specialist?

• LEARNING
• Negotiating role in team, contribution
• The thought process of a CM
• Observation of team dynamics

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Team Process
Follow-up in ThinkTank
Owner Input

• ThinkTank
• Inform group of design changes
• Share useful data
• Asynchronous discussion giving time for each to
  reflect

• Weekly Meetings
• Decision-oriented
• Synchronous

Bring decision-points to meeting
Small teams such as E-E, E-A, C-A, etc. discuss
via IM, phone, face-to face, net meeting
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Lessons Learned

• Need to communicate concise ideas effectively
• Working across time zones
• Working across cultures languages
• Subtleties are difficult on the internet
• Differences in standards/codes
• Sharing resources

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Looking Ahead

• Bring everyone in to process, even though we have
  to pick one design
• Fix disorganization of ThinkTank and other
  knowledge sharing