Endocrine lab

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Endocrine lab

• BIOL 242

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• OBJECTIVES
• Identify and name the major endocrine organs of
  the body
• Know the structures and functions of each of the
  following glands, include the hormones that are
  produced by each gland and how they are
  controlled. Hypophysis (pituitary) Suprarenal
  Thyroid Parathyroid Gonads Pancreas
  Pineal
• Indicate how hormones contribute to body
  homeostasis - give examples of hormonal actions.
• What is the structural and functional
  relationship between the hypothalamus and the
  pituitary?
• Identify the histology structures of the glands
  provided on slides.
• STRUCTURES AND WORDS TO KNOW
• Lab 27
• Pituitary gland anterior/posterior Hormones
  FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, MSH, OT, ADH
• For the slides - try to find acidophils and
  basophils, chromophobes/pituicytes
• Thyroid gland Hormones T3 and T4, CT
• For the slides - follicle cells
• Parathyroid glands Hormones PTH
• For the slides - oxyphil (large ones) and
  chief cells
• Adrenal gland Hormones EPI, NOREPI, mineral
  corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids
• For the slides - medulla, three zones, capsule
• Pancreas Hormones Insulin, glucagon
• For the slides - alpha and beta cells
• Gonads testes/ovaries Hormones Estrogens,
  progesterone, testosterone

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OBJECTIVES

• Identify and name the major endocrine organs of
  the body
• See the list in the lab assignments
• Know the structures and functions of each of the
  following glands, include the hormones that are
  produced by each gland and how they are
  controlled
• Hypophysis (pituitary)
• Suprarenal
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Gonads
• Pancreas
• Pineal
• Indicate how hormones contribute to body
  homeostasis
• Be able to give examples of hormonal actions.
• What is the structural and functional
  relationship between the hypothalamus and the
  pituitary?
• Identify the histology structures of the glands
  provided on slides.

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Pituitary gland

• Be able to identify which hormone comes from the
  anterior and posterior pituitary
• Hormones FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, MSH, OT,
  ADH

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Pituitary gland
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Pituitary gland (the hyperlinks work on this
page)
PARS DISTALIS chromophils (50) and chromophobes
(50). The chromophils can be further subdivided
into acidophils (40) and basophils (10). The
acidophils secrete GH (somatotropes) and
prolactin (mammotropes). Basophils secrete TSH
(thyrotropes), LH (gonadotropes), FSH
(gonadotropes), and ACTH (corticotropes). PARS
NERVOSA main cell type here is a glial or
supporting cell called a pituicyte . The bulk of
the pars nervosa consists of axons from neurons
in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of
the hypothalamus. PARS INTERMEDIA rudimentary
in humans, lies between the pars distalis and
pars nervosa. BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE
STRUCTURES WITH HYPERLINKS
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chromophobes
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Thyroid gland

• Hormones T3 and T4

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Thyroid gland
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE
ABOVE SLIDE
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Parathyroid glands

• Hormones PTH

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Parathyroid glands

• oxyphil (large ones) and chief cells

Parathyroid Glands Red arrows
Oxyphil/Principle Cells Yellow arrow - Chief
Cells BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED
ON THE SLIDE
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Adrenal gland

• Hormones EPI, NOREPI, mineral corticoids,
  glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

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Adrenal gland
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE
SLIDE
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Pancreas

• Hormones Insulin, glucagon

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vBtsQxUYHXbw Play
at your own risk (grin!)
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Pancreas
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES LABELED ON THE
SLIDES
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Gonads testes/ovaries

• Hormones Estrogens, progesterone, testosterone

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Gonads testes/ovaries
Which is which?
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Thymus gland

• Hormones Thymosin

Panoramic view of adult thymus, largely replaced
with adipose tissue. There are recognizable
remnants of thymic lymphatic tissue, however, and
Hassall's corpuscles are still present in the
medulla. Why is there so much adipose tissue?
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Pineal body

• Hormones Melatonin

THE SLIDES OF THE PINEAL ARE NOT VERY
DISTINGUISHING It consists of connective tissue,
blood vessels, glial cells, and pinealocytes
(which secrete melatonin). Pinealocytes have
larger, lighter staining nuclei and glial cells
have small darker staining nuclei. With age,
calcified formations appear in the pineal gland
(brain sand or corpora aranacea ).