Parenthetical Documentation

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Parenthetical Documentation

• An Introduction

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Forms of Internal Documentation

• Some instructors (or styles) require Footnotes,
  i.e., putting a number in the text and at the
  bottom then, at the bottom, repeating most of
  the entire citation.
• Some instructors require Endnotes, i.e., putting
  a number in the text and at the end of the paper
  then, in numerical order, putting most of the
  citation.

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Parenthetical Documentation

• The MLA Style Guide recommends parenthetical
  documentation. It is by far the simplest method,
  requiring only that the writer list in
  parentheses the author (short title if there is
  no author) and the exact page (if possible) on
  which the data was found, e.g., (Arroyo 21).

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Parenthetical Documentation Example One

• An ideal way to provide parenthetical
  documentation is to give the Authors name in a
  signal phrase (an introductory tag) and then put
  only the page in parentheses
• William Barrett, in Death of The Soul, says that
  if the word empiricism means an openness
  and fidelity to experience, then we should not
  close the gates arbitrarily against any mode of
  intuition or awareness (42).
• Note The period follows the parentheses in
  paraphrases or short quotes.

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Parenthetical Documentation Example One (The
complete citation in the Works Cited)
Barrett, William. Death of The Soul. Garden
City, NY Anchor, 1987.
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Parenthetical Documentation Example Two

• The citation could also go in parentheses at the
  end of the cited material
• Recently, a philosopher spoke of the importance
  of the seventeenth century to science It was a
  strange century, this seventeenth century, which
  begot our modern epoch (Barrett 1).

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Parenthetical Documentation Example Three

• The New Republic reports that although a
  minimum-wage bill should be simple, the recent
  Senate version by the Republicans is 114 pages
  long (Lizza 18).

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Example 4 Source from a Dictionary or
Encyclopedia
A calliope is a musical instrument fitted with
steam whistles, played from a keyboard
(Calliope). Note put the word or phrase that
you looked up in the reference work without page
.
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Example 4 Source from a Dictionary or
Encyclopediacomplete citation in the Works Cited.

• Calliope. The American Heritage
• Dictionary of the English
• Language. 4th ed. 2000.

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Example 5 Online source with no page numbers

• If there is no page, put the authors name in
  parentheses,or, if you use the authors name in a
  signal phrase, put Online in the parentheses
• A recent article noted that e-Bay was selling a
  copy of Enrons corporate code of ethics, saying
  it had never been opened (Axtman and Scherer).
• Axtman and Scherer, in the Christian Science
  Monitor, noted that e-Bay was selling a copy of
  Enrons corporate code of ethics, saying it had
  never been opened (Online).

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Example 5 Complete Citation for Online Source
Axtman, Kris, and Ron Scherer. Enron Lapses
and Corporate Ethics. Christian Science
Monitor 4 Feb. 2002. Academic Search Premier.
EBSCOhost. Dixie State College Lib. 24 Feb.
2002 lthttp// ehostvgw5.epnet.com/gt.