Research

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Evolution of a Scientific Coastal Observatory
into an Operational Center
Scott Glenn, Oscar Schofield, Bob Chant Josh
Kohut Operations Center Janice McDonnell K-12
Education Coastal Ocean Observation Lab
(COOL)Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
(IMCS)Rutgers University
Research http//marine.rutgers.edu/cool
Operations Center http//www.thecoolroom.org
K-12 Education http//coolclassroom.org
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New Jersey Shelf Bathymetry
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Causes of Hypoxia/Anoxia
Physical Process - Wind Driven Coastal
Upwelling and Downwelling
Coupled Biological Response - Bacterial Decay
of a Phytoplankton Bloom
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Upwelling Center Observed by Satellite SST
Shipboard CTD 1993
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Idealized Model Domain
Warsh NOAA 1989
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Idealized Upwelling Model Study
8/5/93 CTD Transect
wind
Temp (oC)
10.8 12.2 13.6 15.0 16.4 17.8 19.2 20.6 22.0 23.4
24.8
LEO delta
Barnegat delta
1 m s-1
Cape May delta
Song et al(JGR) 2002
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Upwelling Center Observed by Satellite SST and HF
Radar - 1996
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Why do we need an Ocean Observatory?
Nowcasting and Forecasting
FOR A SINGLE PARTICLE
Observations
Models (Fma)
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1998-2001 30 X 30 km LEO CPSE An Integrated
Observatory
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Coastal Predictive Skill Experiments (1998-2001)
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Exploring the Limits of Predictability in the
Coastal Ocean
Regional Ocean Modeling System ROMS

• Is Predictability Limited by
• Initial Conditions
• for the resolved scales
• 2) Boundary Conditions
• a) Surface Forcing
• b) Bottom
• c) Sidewalls
• Parameterizations
• of the unresolved scales

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Atmosphere/Ocean Ensemble Forecast Models
3-D visualization
Operational Low-Res COAMPS Atmospheric Model
Experimental High-Res RAMS Atmospheric Model
Air-Sea Interaction Model
Hindcast Models
EcoSim Bio-Optical Model
ROMS Ocean Model (KPP and MY 2.5 Turbulent
Closure)
Forecast Briefing
Bottom Boundary Layer Model
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2001 Real-time Ensemble Forecasts
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Upwelling Center Observed in Real-Time by
Satellite SST CODAR
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Shore-based Communication Center Enabling
Adaptive Sampling with Ships, Aircraft AUVs
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Adaptive Sampling of Resolved Scales- Shipboard
AUV surveys
North Velocity
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LEO Collaborations Partnerships
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Where have we been?
Satellites CODAR Node/Moorings Ships/AUVs Gliders
Sustained
1998-2001
Integrated
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Where do we go from here?
Satellites CODAR Node/Moorings Ships/AUVs Gliders
Sustained
2001?
Integrated
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RU COOL
Operation Center www.thecoolroom.org
Scientific Research marine.rutgers.edu/cool
Outreach www.coolclassroom.org
www.rucool.org
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New Jersey Shelf Observing System (NJ-SOS)
300 X 300 km NJSOS An Integrated Sustained
Observatory
Satellites,
RADAR, Gliders
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Coastal Ocean Observation Lab Operational
Center The COOLRoom
CODAR Network
Glider Fleet
X-Band
L-Band
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Industry Partners

• SeaSpace Corporation
• - Satellite remote sensing
• CODAR Ocean Sensors
• - HF radar current mapping
• Webb Research Corporation
• - Autonomous gliders
• WetSat
• - Cabled seafloor hubs

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An International Constellation
X-Band (installed 2003)
MODIS RGB USA
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MODIS Sept. 20 2004
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CODAR surface current mappers (standard and
long-range)
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Ocean.US Surface Current Mapping Initiative 2003
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Nested CODAR Total Vector Coverage
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CODAR surface currents for the full continental
shelf
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The Glider Fleet of NJSOS
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Slocum Coastal Glider
Glider Specs. Length 1.5 m Hull Diameter 21.3
cm Weight 52 kg
Science Bay Specs. Length 30 cm Diameter 21.3
cm Max. Payload Weight 4 kg
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Glider Propulsion Buoyancy Driven

• Electric pump alternately forces seawater into
  and out
• of the forward wet section.
• Buoyancy alternates between positive and
  negative.
• Wings convert vertical motion into horizontal
  motion.
• Travels in saw-tooth pattern through the water
• column towards a waypoint.
• Typical Vertical Speed 25 cm/sec.
• Typical Horizontal Speed 30 cm/sec ( 1 km/hr).
• Typical 1 sec sampling 25 cm vertical
  resolution.
• Typical speeds horizontal resolution
• just over twice the cast depth
• (relative to the water motion)

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The Sensors Today
Depth-Averaged Currents
Bottom Bathymetry
Temperature and Conductivity
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5-Day Cross-shelf Temperature Section Shipboard
vs. Glider AUV
Ops Cost gt60,000
Ops Cost lt6,000
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RU-COOL Glider Deployments as of September 23,
2004From 10/28/03 9/23/2004Elapsed calendar
days 331 daysNumber of calendar days in the
water 231 daysNumber of Days with at least 1
glider in the water 290 daysTotal Distance
Flown 5753.341 km
NJSOS ENDURANCE LINE
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A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT
Jun. 04
Feb. 04
Oct. 03
Mar. 04
Jun. 04
Nov. 03
Nov. 03
Mar. 04
Jun. 04
Jul. 04
Apr. 04
Dec. 03
Aug. 04
Jan. 04
Apr. 04
Sep. 04
Jan. 04
May. 04
May. 04
Feb. 04
Oct. 04
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RIDER IN THE STORM Hurricane Ivan
16-Sep-2004 150053 - 23-Sep-2004 115727
Temperature
Depth-Averaged Currents Surface Currents
bb532
bb(532)/c(532)
7410
7400
7350
7340
7330
7320
7310
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Weather Research Forecast ModelCoupled to the
Ocean
20 km

• Developed by NCAR
• and NOAA
• Released as community
• research model (2000)
• Developed for research and
• operational purposes
• Operational-test phase NWS
• model late 2004
• Intended full operational use by NOAA by 2007
• Rutgers in now running a daily nested forecast

5 km
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Northeast North Atlantic (NENA) embedded within
NATL 3-day average open boundary values from
NATL7-component ecosystem model
Temperature
Chlorophyll
John Wilkin Katja Fennel (Rutgers)
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Existing Users
Federal Government Users United States Coast
Guard -LORAN support unit, Coast Guard RD
Center, Atlantic City Air Station, Venice Beach
(FL) Coast Guard Auxiliary United States
Navy - 7th Expeditionary Battle Fleet, Naval
Atlantic Meteorology and Oceanography Center
(NLMOC), Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO),
Naval Research Labs (NRL Stennis, Monterey, DC),
Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUMC)
Department of Defense, Counter Drug Technology
Development Office Department of Homeland
Security NOAA - NOAA Weather Radio, NOAA
Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA HAZMAT,
NOAA National Weather Service, Mount Holly, NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Coastal
Programs, Eastern Regional Liaison Office
NOAA/NESDIS/National Coastal Data Development
Center OCEAN.US UCAR Cooperative Program
for Operational Meteorological, Education and
Training (COMET) US Environmental Protection
Agency US Army Corps US Geological Survey
US Naval USERSResearch Lab US National Park
Service National Center for Atmospheric
Research National Buoy Data Center National
Ocean Survey State Government Users New Jersey
State Police Marine Law Enforcement Bureau
NY/NJ Clean Ocean And Shore Trust (COAST)
Fisheries Information and Development Center
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
New Jersey Department of Transportation
New Jersey Clean Air Council New Jersey Board
of Public Utilities County Emergency
Responders Port Authority of NY NJ Port
Community New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation New York City
Department of Environmental Protection Agency
Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries
State Coastal Management Programs Various
Academic/Research Institutions Industry
Users Applied Mathematics Inc. GPU, Inc.
(FirstEnergy Corp.) Guildline Inc. Falmoth
Scientific Inc. Navair Inc. Ocean
Technologies, L.L.C. Horizon Marine, Inc.,
Jennifer Clarks Gulfstream Webb Research
Satlantic Inc. RD Instruments SeaSpace
Inc., Sequoia Instruments Sea-Bird, Bosch
Air Wetlabs Consulting Engineering Firms
Interactive Oceanographics, Inc. Hydro
Inc. Media Users NBC 4 (Metropolitan New York)
NBC 10 (Philadelphia Delaware Valley area)
CBS 3 (Philadelphia) Fox 29 (Philadelphia)
AccuWeather.com (State College, PA) Recreational
Swimmers, Surfers, Divers, Boating, Sailors,
General Public Recreational Fishermen
IWindSurf.com NJScuba.com SailMiami.com
The Jersey Shore Partnership, Inc. The Hudson
River Fishermans Association of NJ
Sailors Kayakers Non-Profit Users Gulf of
Maine Aquarium Island Institute New England
Aquarium Florida Environmental Research
Institute Mote Marine Laboratory Monterrey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute
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Operational Data Distribution Route Map
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Decade-Long History of Average Daily Web Hits
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Oil Spill Response Tanker runs aground off Cape
May, NJ
At approximately 0715 EDT the T/V CRUDE TARGET
grounded while enroute into Delaware Bay. The
position of the ship is 3848.5 N / 07437.3 W or
approximately 13 miles ESE of Cape May, NJ. The
ship is carrying 42 million gallons of West
African Crude For comparison, the Exxon Valdez
spilled about 11 million gallons of the 53
million gallons of crude oil it was carrying
For this particular incident, we went to the
Rutgers CODAR site, to help with the calibration.
The web site provided not only data but valuable
analysis on the data. Through a phone number
provided on the web site I also contacted Josh
Kohut who was very helpful in providing
additional information concerning the real-time
data as well as personal observations of how the
coastal currents typically behave off the New
Jersey coastline. - Glen
Watabayashi Oceanographer
(NOAA/OPR/HAZMAT)
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Search and Rescue Integration of Coastal Ocean
Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR) surface
current data and Short term Predictive System
(STPS) into the Search and Rescue Optimal
Planning System (SAROPS)
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Search and Rescue Trajectory Validation with a
Coast Guard Deployed SLDMB
NOAA CODARSLDMB
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Coastal SurveillanceM/V Oleander118m Container
ShipNew York, NY to Bermuda
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RU COOL
Operation Center www.thecoolroom.org
Scientific Research marine.rutgers.edu/cool
Outreach www.coolclassroom.org
www.rucool.org
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LaTTE A Process Study in an Operational Ocean
Observatory Lagrangian Transport and
Transformation Experiment in the Hudson River
Plume
Rutgers University Lamont-Doherty Geological
Observatory U. Massachusetts, Boston Florida
Environmental Research Institute California
Polytechnic University U. Florida., Gainsville
Downwelling
Upwelling
Wind Dir.
25 cm/s
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LaTTE Real-Time Observatory Data for Mission
Planning
Upwelling
Downwelling
29-Apr-2004 152444 30-Apr-2004 042730
01-May-2004 215154 02-May-2004 193102
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LaTTE Atmospheric Forecast Cold Frontal Passage
May 3rd, 2004
Downwelling Winds
Upwelling Winds
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LaTTE Adaptive Sampling based on Operational
Center Data Products Dye Release and Acoustic
Fish Larval Surveys
04-May-2004 161326 - 10-May-2004 103008 (GMT)
Plume Edge
Seaward of the edge
Shoreward of the edge
Depth (m)
18 m
Sea floor
Time/Distance
-7352
-7350
-7348
-7346
-7344
-7354
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Growing U.S. National Initiatives
The ocean sciences are now on the threshold of
another major technological advance as the
scientific community begins to establish a
global, long term presence in the ocean
Robert Detrich National Research Council
Enabling Ocean research in the 21st Century
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Next Step for the Coastal Ocean Develop an
International Network
If you cant cover the entire global coastal
ocean today, how do you start? Find
collaborators, and go to the pulse points of
global change
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Whats Missing?
People with practical training in an operational
environment

• How do we fix this?
• Change in academic philosophy
• Education program linked to an Operational
  Observatory
• Internships at Government Labs
• Co-ops with Industrial Partners

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Rutgers University Masters in Operational
Oceanography
Purpose
Provide background training and hands-on
experience to masters-level marine science
students in an operational coastal ocean
observatory.
Duration 3 summers, 2 academic years
Requirements 24 course credits, 6 research
credits Master Thesis defense
Potential Partners Mohn-Sverdrup Center -
Norway California Polytechnic State
University Mote Marine Laboratory
Florida University of Alaska Fairbanks
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Opportunities for Collaboration Parallel
development of operational centers to address
common issues - How do you sustain an integrated
data stream in extreme environments? - What
limits predictability in different
environments? Participation in ongoing
experiments - LaTTE Hudson River plume study -
MANCOZE Norwegian coastal zone study Student
training in operational oceanography - Share
curriculums - Exchange students