Title: Developing Effective Mentoring Skills Beyond the Basics
1Developing Effective Mentoring Skills- Beyond the
Basics
- Karen Leslie MD FRCP(C)
- Barbara Stubbs MD CCFP
- Merrilee Brown MD CCFP
- DFCM Rosser Academic Day
- April 28,2007
2Workshop Objectives
- To understand current faculty mentorship needs in
our department - To describe the key elements of effective
mentoring - To develop and enhance the skills required to
establish and maintain mentoring relationships
3Overview
- Introduction
- Key Points/Background
- Interactive Exercise
- What We Have Learned Together
- Resources
4Mentorship In the DFCM
- Our definition
- A dynamic, reciprocal relationship leading to
positive change both for the career development
of the involved individuals and for the cultural
development of the department
5Mentorship Critical Elements
- A confidential relationship between two
individuals with the objective of proactively
assisting the mentee with personal and
professional development without providing formal
evaluation
6Preceptor versus Mentor
- less formal structured
- personal professional
- wide scope, deepens
- info flows in both directions
- less hierarchical with time
- no formal evaluation of student
- relationship may last for years
- benefits mutually accrued
- formal structured
- professionally focused
- wide scope, little depth
- info from preceptor to student
- hierarchical
- formal evaluation of student
- ends after formal clinical experience
- benefits favour student
7DFCM Mentorship Survey Results
- Faculty-wide survey- Sept. 2006
- 45.7 response rate
- 112 DFCM Faculty (52) wish to be mentored
- Female faculty were significantly more interested
in being mentored than were their male
counterparts - 133 DFCM Faculty (63) were interested in
mentoring others - No significant gender differences in interest
levels in being mentors
8Comparison of Faculty Needs for Mentorship
Support (n).
9Comparison of Mentorship Roles (n).
10Survey- Mentor Qualities
- Similar Values
- Respect for Diversity
- Accessibility
- Experience
- Good interpersonal skills
- Having a genuine interest in mentoring
- Same discipline
11Survey- Mentorship Formats
- Traditional Dyads
- Multiple Mentors
- Group Mentorship Activities
- Remote- limited to phone or email only
12Survey- Meaningful Mentorship Experiences
- Receiving support and encouragement
- Ability to share and discuss ideas
- Ability to share values, experiences and
challenges openly - Having someone provide feedback and reinforcement
- Having a non-judgemental relationship
134 Stages of Mentorship
- Preparing mentor and mentee must prepare
individually and in partnership - Negotiating agree on goals, define content and
process of relationship - Enabling develop a quality mentorship
relationship and promote learning - Closing evaluating, recognizing and celebrating
achievements of the relationship
From Zachary L. The Mentors Guide
14Challenges in Mentorship
- Time pressure/expectations
- Discomfort on the part of the mentee
- Lack of mentor confidence
- Conflict of interest
- Boundary violations
- Relationship not working out
154 Key Mentorship Skills
- Empathetic Listening
- Providing Support / Challenge
- Reflection
- Feedback
16Empathetic Listening
- Use facial expression, nod or lean slightly
forward to convey your concern - Offer brief confirmations I see
- Repeat part of key phrases
- Paraphrase
- Pose a question or clarify
- Avoid interrupting the mentee
- Briefly summarize
- Adapted from Communicating with Patients A
Quick Reference Guide for Physicians Cullins,
VE, et al 2000.
17Empathetic Listening (cont)
- Respond in a way that is supportive and
sympathetic - Ask how the mentee feels about emotionally laden
information - Ask the mentee to talk about problems or concerns
rather than dismissing them - BATHE Background, Affect, Troubles, Handling,
Empathy - Adapted from Communicating with Patients A
Quick Reference Guide for Physicians Cullins VE,
et al 2000.
18Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens. -
Jimi Hendrix
19Support /Challenge
L.Pololi, adapted from L.A. Daloz. Mentor.
Guiding the Journey of Adult Learners. Pub.
Jossey-Bass 1999.
20Examples of Feedback with support/challenge model
Well that could have been better why did
you not focus more early on?
A good effort, I could see how you were drawing
the feelings out I wonder if you got to the
crux of the matter?
Critical, induces defensiveness, potentially
paralyzing
Focused, attentive, potentially threatening
That was great, youre obviously trying hard
Good. Carry on. Seems to be working
In passing, nothing specific, dismissive
Safe, general, potentially patronizing
L.Pololi, adapted from L.A. Daloz. Mentor.
Guiding the Journey of Adult Learners. Pub.
Jossey-Bass 1999.
21Reflective Practice
- Reflection in action applying past experience to
new situations while they are occurring - Reflection on action thinking back on a past
situation what contributed to the event, were
actions appropriate and how it may affect future
practice - Schön
22Reflection during Mentorship
- Clarifies thinking, captures the richness of the
experiences - enables us to slow down, rest, and observe our
journey and the process of self-knowledge that is
so important along the way - Huang and Lynch, 1995
23Challenges in the Mentorship Process
24Instructions for Mentoring Scenarios
- For each scenario
- Read the scenario on your own
- Discuss in your group
- What are the issues?
- How as a mentor would you approach these issues
with your mentee? - Role play in your group how you would proceed at
the next meeting with your mentee
25Summary Key points
- 4 stages
- 4 skills
- Apply the family physician skills you already
have to a new context - There is no one right way to mentor find your
own path!
26Resources People
- DFCM Mentorship Network
- DFCM Mentorship Advisory Group
- (contact Cindy Mallory, administrator, DFCM PD
416-978-6471 , cindy.mallory_at_utoronto.ca) - Further mentoring questions? Barbara.Stubbs_at_uhn.on
.ca
27Resources Literature
- Go to the DFCM Home page http//dfcm19.med.utoront
o.ca/ - Click on Professional Development
- Click on Mentor Resources
28THANK YOU!