Chapter 10 Overview of Viruses and Virology

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Chapter 10 Overview of Viruses and Virology
Viral Diversity Animal Viruses
Virus Structure and Growth
Viral Diversity Bacteriophage
Viral Replication
Viral Potpourri
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FINAL ROUND
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage100
Question

• Question What is the most common bacteriophage
  genome? Note sssingle stranded and dsdouble
  stranded
• a. ssDNA
• b. dsDNA
• c. ssRNA
• d. dsRNA

ANSWER
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage100
Answer

• Question What is the most common bacteriophage
  genome? Note sssingle stranded and dsdouble
  stranded
• a. ssDNA
• b. dsDNA
• c. ssRNA
• d. dsRNA

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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage200
Question

• Question How does T4 bacteriophage ensure that
  its genome is expressed rather than its hosts
  genome?
• a. T4 modifies the hosts RNA polymerase
• b. T4 releases an anti-sigma factor that binds
  to hosts sigma 70.
• c. T4 encodes some of its own sigma factors
  that are specific for T4 promoter regions.
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage200
Answer

• Question How does T4 bacteriophage ensure that
  its genome is expressed rather than its hosts
  genome?
• a. T4 modifies the hosts RNA polymerase
• b. T4 releases an anti-sigma factor that binds
  to hosts sigma 70.
• c. T4 encodes some of its own sigma factors
  that are specific for T4 promoter regions.
• d. all of the above

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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage300
Question

• Question If lambda phage was unable to express
  lambda repressor protein, what would happen?
• a. lambda would be unable to maintain the
  lysogenic pathway
• b. lambda would never enter the lytic pathway
• c. lambda would not be able to express genes
  in its genome
• d. lambda would be unable to integrate its viral
  DNA into the hosts chromosome

ANSWER
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage300
Answer

• Question If lambda phage was unable to express
  lambda repressor protein, what would happen?
• a. lambda would be unable to maintain the
  lysogenic pathway
• b. lambda would never enter the lytic pathway
• c. lambda would not be able to express genes
  in its genome
• d. lambda would be unable to integrate its viral
  DNA into the hosts chromosome

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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage400
Question

• Question If a mutation were to occur in lambda
  phage that made it unable to express integrase,
  what would happen?
• a. the phage would be unable to form circular
  DNA once it enters the host
• b. the phage would be stuck in the lysogenic
  cycle
• c. the phage would be unable to recombine with
  the bacterial chromosome
• d. the phage would be unable to inject its DNA
  into the host

ANSWER
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage400
Answer

• Question If a mutation were to occur in lambda
  phage that made it unable to express integrase,
  what would happen?
• a. the phage would be unable to form circular
  DNA once it enters the host
• b. the phage would be stuck in the lysogenic
  cycle
• c. the phage would be unable to recombine with
  the bacterial chromosome
• d. the phage would be unable to inject its DNA
  into the host

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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage500
Question

• Question What induces lambda lysogens and causes
  lambda phage to enter the lytic cycle?
• a. DNA damage
• b. increased host growth rate
• c. decrease in external temperature
• d. increase in beta galactosidase in the host
  cell

ANSWER
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Topic 1 Viral Diversity Bacteriophage500
Answer

• Question What induces lambda lysogens and causes
  lambda phage to enter the lytic cycle?
• a. DNA damage
• b. increased host growth rate
• c. decrease in external temperature
• d. increase in beta galactosidase in the host
  cell

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Topic 2 Viral Replication100 Question

• Question Which of the following is packaged into
  a virion during maturation?
• a. nucleic acid
• b. ribosomes
• c. plasma membrane
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 2 Viral Replication100 Answer

• Question Which of the following is packaged into
  a virion during maturation?
• a. nucleic acid
• b. ribosomes
• c. plasma membrane
• d. all of the above

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Topic 2 Viral Replication200 Question

• Question Which of the following describes the
  eclipse period of viral replication?
• a. the period where virion are assembled
• b. the period where virion are released from
  the host cell
• c. the period where the viral nucleic acid
  enters the cell and begins to replicate.
• d. the period where the virion is preparing to
  enter the host cell.

ANSWER
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Topic 2 Viral Replication200 Answer

• Question Which of the following describes the
  eclipse period of viral replication?
• a. the period where virion are assembled
• b. the period where virion are released from
  the host cell
• c. the period where the viral nucleic acid
  enters the cell and begins to replicate.
• d. the period where the virion is preparing to
  enter the host cell.

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Topic 2 Viral Replication300 Question

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. most viruses that infect a salamander can
  also infect a human
• b. influenza virus can infect any tissue type
  in its host
• c. a virus that infects a chicken may be able
  to infect a human
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 2 Viral Replication300 Answer

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. most viruses that infect a salamander can
  also infect a human
• b. influenza virus can infect any tissue type
  in its host
• c. a virus that infects a chicken may be able
  to infect a human
• d. all of the above

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Topic 2 Viral Replication400 Question

• Question Which scheme represents a class IV
  virus ssRNA () gene expression?
• a. ssRNA is reverse transcribed to dsDNA,
  which is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein
• b. ssRNA acts as mRNA, which is translated to
  protein
• c. ssRNA is reverse transcribed to ss- DNA,
  which is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein
• d. ssRNA is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein

ANSWER
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Topic 2 Viral Replication400 Answer

• Question Which scheme represents a class IV
  virus ssRNA () gene expression?
• a. ssRNA is reverse transcribed to dsDNA,
  which is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein
• b. ssRNA acts as mRNA, which is translated to
  protein
• c. ssRNA is reverse transcribed to ss- DNA,
  which is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein
• d. ssRNA is transcribed to mRNA, which is
  translated to protein

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Topic 2 Viral Replication500 Question

• Question Proteins classified as late viral
  proteins are usually _______________.
• a. enzymes
• b. are made in smaller amounts than early
  proteins
• c. capsomere proteins
• d. polymerase proteins

ANSWER
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Topic 2 Viral Replication500 Answer

• Question Proteins classified as late viral
  proteins are usually _______________.
• a. enzymes
• b. are made in smaller amounts than early
  proteins
• c. capsomere proteins
• d. polymerase proteins

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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth100 Question

• Question Which of the following do ALL virion
  have?
• a. DNA
• b. capsid
• c. envelope
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth100 Answer

• Question Which of the following do ALL virion
  have?
• a. DNA
• b. capsid
• c. envelope
• d. all of the above

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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth200 Question

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. Only bacteria and archaea are infected by
  bacteriophage
• b. RNA viruses do not use mRNA to express
  their genes
• c. Most viruses are about 1-3 µm
• d. Capsomere is the term used for the lipid
  coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

ANSWER
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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth200 Answer

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. Only bacteria and archaea are infected by
  bacteriophage
• b. RNA viruses do not use mRNA to express
  their genes
• c. Most viruses are about 1-3 µm
• d. Capsomere is the term used for the lipid
  coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth300 Question

• Question Where does the lipid portion of the
  viral envelop come from?
• a. the virus contains genes for lipid synthesis
  and the host actually synthesizes them
• b. the virus obtains the lipids from the hosts
  plasma membrane
• c. the virion obtain the lipid envelop from the
  environment external to the host cell
• d. from other viruses

ANSWER
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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth300 Answer

• Question Where does the lipid portion of the
  viral envelop come from?
• a. the virus contains genes for lipid synthesis
  and the host actually synthesizes them
• b. the virus obtains the lipids from the hosts
  plasma membrane
• c. the virion obtain the lipid envelop from the
  environment external to the host cell
• d. from other viruses

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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth400 Question

• Question What enzymes would you expect to find
  within some virion?
• a. capsomere
• b. lysozyme
• c. metabolic enzymes
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth400 Answer

• Question What enzymes would you expect to find
  within some virion?
• a. capsomere
• b. lysozyme
• c. metabolic enzymes
• d. all of the above

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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth500 Question

• Question What is an effective way of growing an
  animal virus?
• a. on a tryptic soy agar medium
• b. you cannot grow animal viruses
• c. in a primary cell culture
• d. in a bicarbonate buffer solution

ANSWER
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Topic 3 Virus Structure and Growth500 Answer

• Question What is an effective way of growing an
  animal virus?
• a. on a tryptic soy agar medium
• b. you cannot grow animal viruses
• c. in a primary cell culture
• d. in a bicarbonate buffer solution

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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses100
Question

• Question The Baltimore System is a way of
  classifying viruses by _______________.
• a. the type of organism they infect
• b. their nucleic acid replication strategy
• c. their structure
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses100
Answer

• Question The Baltimore System is a way of
  classifying viruses by _______________.
• a. the type of organism they infect
• b. their nucleic acid replication strategy
• c. their structure
• d. all of the above

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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses200
Question

• Question When there is a delay between viral
  entrance and lytic events, this is referred to as
  _______________.
• a. transformation
• b. persistent infection
• c. latent infection
• d. lysogeny

ANSWER
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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses200
Answer

• Question When there is a delay between viral
  entrance and lytic events, this is referred to as
  _______________.
• a. transformation
• b. persistent infection
• c. latent infection
• d. lysogeny

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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses300
Question

• Question Which of the following is an example
  of an enveloped virus?
• a. coronavirus
• b. parvovirus
• c. bacteriophage
• d. reovirus

ANSWER
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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses300
Answer

• Question Which of the following is an example
  of an enveloped virus?
• a. coronavirus
• b. parvovirus
• c. bacteriophage
• d. reovirus

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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses400
Question

• Question Which of the following is a feature of
  the retrovirus?
• a. double-stranded RNA
• b. lysozyme
• c. reverse transcriptase
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses400
Answer

• Question Which of the following is a feature of
  the retrovirus?
• a. double-stranded RNA
• b. lysozyme
• c. reverse transcriptase
• d. all of the above

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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses500
Question

• Question Immediately after entering the host
  cell the retrovirus must _______________.
• a. integrate into the host chromosome
• b. transcribe its nucleic acid
• c. uncoat
• d. reverse transcribe its nucleic acid

ANSWER
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Topic 4 Viral Diversity Animal Viruses500
Answer

• Question Immediately after entering the host
  cell the retrovirus must _______________.
• a. integrate into the host chromosome
• b. transcribe its nucleic acid
• c. uncoat
• d. reverse transcribe its nucleic acid

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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 100 Question

• Question Which of the following does not
  contain nucleic acid?
• a. viroid
• b. prion
• c. bacteriophage
• d. more than one of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 100 Answer

• Question Which of the following does not
  contain nucleic acid?
• a. viroid
• b. prion
• c. bacteriophage
• d. more than one of the above

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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 200 Question

• Question Which of the following is not true?
• a. adeno-associated virus (AAV) can only
  produce viral offspring when adenovirus is
  present
• b. adenovirus and AAV are closely associated
  with each other and have similar DNA
• c. AAV does little damage to the host by
  itself
• d. AAV is a defective virus

ANSWER
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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 200 Answer

• Question Which of the following is not true?
• a. adeno-associated virus (AAV) can only
  produce viral offspring when adenovirus is
  present
• b. adenovirus and AAV are closely associated
  with each other and have similar DNA
• c. AAV does little damage to the host by
  itself
• d. AAV is a defective virus

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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 300 Question

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. PrPC is found in healthy animals
• b. PrPC and PrPSC have identical amino acid
  sequences
• c. PrPSC can cause transmissible spongiform
  encephalopathy
• d. all of the above

ANSWER
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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 300 Answer

• Question Which of the following is/are true?
• a. PrPC is found in healthy animals
• b. PrPC and PrPSC have identical amino acid
  sequences
• c. PrPSC can cause transmissible spongiform
  encephalopathy
• d. all of the above

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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 400 Question

• Question If a host is infected with PrPSC and
  that host is unable to produce PrPC and has no
  PrPC, what is likely to happen?
• a. the host will not get a TSE disease
• b. the host will begin making mutant PrPC,
  which will convert to PrPSC
• c. the host will immediately die
• d. the PrPSC will convert to PrPC

ANSWER
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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 400 Answer

• Question If a host is infected with PrPSC and
  that host is unable to produce PrPC and has no
  PrPC, what is likely to happen?
• a. the host will not get a TSE disease
• b. the host will begin making mutant PrPC,
  which will convert to PrPSC
• c. the host will immediately die
• d. the PrPSC will convert to PrPC

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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 500 Question

• Question Dr. Jones was doing a transformation
  assay and counted 10 PFUs on a tissue culture
  plate where she inoculated 1 ml of her sample
  containing virus. Which of the following is
  true?
• a. her sample contains 10 viruses/ml
• b. her sample contains greater than 10
  viruses/ml
• c. her sample contains less than 10 viruses/ml
• d. her plating efficiency is 10

ANSWER
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Topic 5 Viral Potpourri 500 Answer

• Question Dr. Jones was doing a transformation
  assay and counted 10 PFUs on a tissue culture
  plate where she inoculated 1 ml of her sample
  containing virus. Which of the following is
  true?
• a. her sample contains 10 viruses/ml
• b. her sample contains greater than 10
  viruses/ml
• c. her sample contains less than 10 viruses/ml
• d. her plating efficiency is 10

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FINAL ROUND Question

• Question What is the name of the human disease
  that is caused by infection with PrPSC
  transmitted through contaminated beef?
• a. BSE
• b. nvCJD
• c. Scrapie
• d. Chronic Wasting disease

ANSWER
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FINAL ROUND Answer

• Question What is the name of the human disease
  that is caused by infection with PrPSC
  transmitted through contaminated beef?
• a. BSE
• b. nvCJD
• c. Scrapie
• d. Chronic Wasting disease

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