Green Solutions

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Green Solutions April 26, 2007 Terry
Leeds Overflow Control Program Manager 816-513-05
28 Terry_Leeds_at_kcmo.org
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772 Combined Sewer Cities
Map from US Environmental Protection Agency
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U
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Kansas City

• Bi-State Metro Area 2 Million People
• Kansas City, MO 460,000 People
• Large Land Area 318 Square Miles
• Interstates I-70, I-35, I-29
• Starting Point for Trails to the West
• Santa Fe
• California
• Oregon

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Kansas City, Missouri

• Home of the
• Chiefs
• Royals
• Downtown Sprint Arena - NBA/NHL Teams?
• Liberty Memorial National WWI Museum
• Plaza Shopping District
• Largest Sheltered Space in the World

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Kansas City, Missouri

• City Manager Form of Government
• Mayor and 12 Councilmen
• Water Services Department 3 Separate Utilities
• Water - 83 Million
• Wastewater - 68 Million
• Stormwater - 8.6 Million
• Rate Supported Utilities
• 1024 Employees

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Project Areas
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Sewer System Background

• 318 Square Miles
• 56 Square Miles Combined System
• 262 Square Miles Separated System
• 28 Satellite Communities Served
• First Sewer 1850s
• Total Sewer System 2,600 miles

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Combined Sewer System

• 56 Square Miles Combined System
• Fully Developed
• 66 Flow Splitters
• 161 Diversion Structures
• 92 Outfalls
• 36 inches per year precipitation (25 inches -
  Recreation Season)
• Overflow - 6 Billion Gallons Average Year
• 12 Rain Events make up 67 of Overflow

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CSS Project Areas
Gooseneck Creek
NEID
Turkey Creek
Lower Blue River
Brush Creek
Town Fork Creek
Mid Blue River
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Sewer System Background

• 7 Wastewater Treatment Plants
• 2 Plants Treat Combined and Separate Flow
• 105 MGD - Blue River
• 22 MGD - Westside
• 5 Plants Treat Separate Flows Only
• 20 MGD - Birmingham
• 2.7 MGD - Todd Creek
• 2.0 MGD - Rocky Branch
• 1.0 MGD - Fishing River
• 0.1 MGD -Northland Mobile Home Park
• 153 Total MGD

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Wet Weather Happens
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Stormwater Division Comprehensive City-Wide
Stormwater Management Plan
KC-One


System Maintenance
Flood Risk Management
Stormwater Quality
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Waterways

• Accomplish Large-Scale Flood Control Projects
• US Corps Of Engineers
• Multi-Purpose Projects in Cooperation with Other
  Agencies with Non-Traditional Funding.

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Public Participation Process

• Community Panel formed 2003
• Basin Area Coordinating Committees
• Public Meetings Road Show
• Public Understanding Poll
• Web Site
• Press Releases

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Wet Weather Solutions Program Goals

• Minimize loss of life injury and reduce
  property damage due to flooding
• Improve water quality
• Maximize economic, social, and environmental
  benefits

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Why Wet Weather Solutions?

• Problems to be Addressed
• Flooding
• Sewer Back-ups Overflows
• Water Quality
• Regulations to Meet

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Acronym Acknowledgements

• B Mc
• BV
• CH2MHILL
• CDM
• HNTB
• BWR
• GBA
• CTE
• WAI
• PBA

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Watershed Approach

• CSO and Flood Control Solutions
• Stormwater/Urban Runoff
• Channel Modifications

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Integrating CSO and Flood Control Solutions is
Financially Responsible
Flooding
CSO
-Non Integrated Approach

• Costs are minimized when CSO solutions provides
  flood control! No longer independent costs!

CSO Flooding
-Integrated Approach
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Achieving a Holistic CSO Solution

• Look for solutions that provide dual roles
• Plan with the future in mind
• Minimize financial burden
• Tangible and obvious benefits
• Complete wet weather solution

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Green Solutions Questions For KC

• What is Green
• To Be or Not to Be?
• Benefits versus Cost?
• Do Green Solutions Work East of Troost

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What is Green Infrastructure?

• Planned, managed, interconnected networks of
  natural areas like waterways, wetlands, forests
  conservation areas like greenways and parks and
  working lands like farms and ranches.
• It supports native species, maintains natural
  ecological processes, sustains air and water
  resources, and contribute to the health and
  quality of life for communities.

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Evolution of Green in Kansas City

• Metro Green (ASLA,1991)
• Stream Asset Inventories (KCMO, 2003)
• Stormwater drainage standards and BMPs
• (APWA, 2003)
• Natural Resources Inventory (MARC, 2005)
• GIS based tool, gt800 square miles
• Restoration and conservation potential

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Regional Green Infrastructure Plan (MARC,
2007)

• Goal to bridge land use planning with
  watershed management and open space conservation
  to catalyze more sustainable urban growth and
  development

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Best Management Practices (BMPs)

• Definition Practices used to prevent or control
  discharge of pollutants to waters of the U.S.
  May be structural or non-structural solutions
  (WATER QUALITY)
• Detention, infiltration, and filtration of first
  flush rainfall often using natural systems
• 10,000 Rain Gardens Initiative

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Green InfrastructureMulti-purpose, Multi-benefit

• Buffers, Greenways, Trails, Parks, Habitat
• Stormwater Mgmt. (quality quantity), Recreation
  (active passive), Infrastructure savings,
  Increased property values, Birds and bunnies.
• High levels of public support
• Quality of Life!

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Climate Protection Benefits

• Air Quality
• Heat Island (green roofs)
• Carbon Uptake and Sequestration

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KCMO Stream Buffers

• KC-One Stormwater Management Plan
• 35 Watershed Master Plans
• Stream Assessments (all watersheds)
• Policy Development
• Natural Resource Inventory Based Buffers
• Floodplains, wetlands, slopes (gt15), and areas
  of contiguous significant vegetation
• Three Zone Buffer

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BufferingProcess
Base Buffers
FEMA 100- Year Flood
Slopes gt 15
National Wetland Inventory
MARC NRI Habitat Areas
25 Protective Buffer
Final Buffers
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Fishing River

• Protects Significant Natural Resources
• Buffer Doesnt Inhibit Development

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STORMWATER M A N A G E M E N
T

• Turkey Creek Watershed
• Best Management Practices

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BMP Selection Procedure

• Turkey Creek Watershed

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BMP Selection Procedure

• Automated Potential BMP Locator
• Manual Review of Potential BMP Locations
• Conceptual BMP Layout and Sizing
• BMP Re-Sizing

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BMP Selection Procedure

• Automated Potential BMP Locator

• Natural Areas Protect/Restore
• Wetlands
• Lowland Hardwood Forests
• Deciduous Forests
• Immature Woodlands
• Cultural Grasslands

• Landform Analysis and Prioritization
• Depressional open space
• Flat Areas

• Green Space
• Regional Greenspace
• Backyard Greenspace
• Transportation Corridors
• Residential ROW
• Impervious Surfaces
• Green Roof
• Parking Lots

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BMP SelectionBMP Locator and Depressional
Analysis
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BMP Selection Procedure
Preliminary BMP Results Open-space Depressional
Storage Total Volume 330 acre-feet
Total Number 431 sites Average Depth
3 - 4 feet Rain Gardens Total number
1667 sites
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BMP Application Example
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BMP Application Example
Two-Stage Detention
On-Line Step Pool Detention
Clover-Leaf Retrofit Detention
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Whats 10,000 Rain Gardens About?

• Water Quality
• Rain gardens and other green solutions
• Public Education and Awareness
• Habitat
• Aesthetics

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Rain Garden Rally

• Kay Barnes, Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri
• Katheryn Shields, Jackson County, Missouri
  Executive
• Annabeth Surbaugh, Johnson County, Kansas
  Commission Chairperson
• Tom Jacobs, Director of Environmental Program
  Mid-America Regional Council

November 8, 2005
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Why Do We Need Rain Gardens?
Photo David Dods
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Urbanization and Runoff
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Nonpoint Source Pollution

• Oil
• Pet Waste
• Fertilizer
• Pesticide
• Agricultural chemicals
• Farm animals

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Stream Degradation
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How Can Rain Gardens Help?
Photos Rusty Schmidt
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Retain the Rain

• Mimic natural conditions by slowing and retaining
  rain
• Collect nutrients
• Filter pollutants from the water
• Provide habitat to butterflies birds

Photo Rusty Schmidt
A large rain garden during a storm
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After the rain
Photo Rusty Schmidt
Photo Rusty Schmidt
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What is a Rain Garden?
A shallow bowl planted with native plants,
designed to capture and drain rain within a day
Photo Rusty Schmidt
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Example Rain Gardens
Photo Rusty Schmidt
Anita B. Gorman Conservation Discovery Center KCMO
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Example Rain Gardens
Basset Creek, MN Rain Garden with stepping stones
Photo Rusty Schmidt
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Example Rain Gardens
Photo Rusty Schmidt
Residential Rain Garden in Burnsville, MN
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Example Rain Gardens
Photo Laurie Brown
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Example Rain Gardens
Photo Laurie Brown
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Rain Garden Benefits

• Captures First Flush
• Fewer pollutants washed into rivers
• Native plants support birds butterflies

Maplewood, MN
Photo Rusty Schmidt
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Why Use Native Plants?

• Infiltrate water through deep roots
• Drought-tolerant
• Need little to no fertilizer

• Photo David Dods

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Mosquito Death Traps!

• Adult mosquitos are attracted to the water and
  lay eggs
• Properly designed gardens drain within 6-12 hours
  (max. 24)
• Eggs or larvae die without standing water

Photo Larry Coffman
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Clay Soils
Deep Roots Increase Infiltration Repair Compacted
Soils -Tilling, Compost Keep Water Levels Low
First Season Start with Plants vs. Seed
Root Depths Turf Grass Inches Native Grasses
Wildflowers Feet
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Green Solution Summary

• Benefits
• Water Quality Improvements
• Enhanced Community Awareness
• Improved Community Facilities
• Limited Volumetric Infiltration / Retention of
  Stormwater Volumes

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Green Solutions Questions For KC

• What is Green
• To Be or Not to Be?
• Benefits versus Cost?
• Do Green Solutions Work East of Troost

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Questions?
kcmo.org/wetweather
rainkc.com
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Vegetation - Native Vegetation Preserved or
Established
Source Kansas Biologic Survey Miami County, KS
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Bioretention Cells at Mize LakeLenexa, KS
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Bioretention Swales Quinton Heights Neighborhood
RedevelopmentTopeka, Kansas
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Wetland or Extended Detention Wetland
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Extended Wet Detention
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Extended Dry Detention
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Porous Pavement

• Concrete Promotions Demo

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Hancor Stormwater Quality Unit Installation
Shawnee, Kansas
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Vortcapture VC-70 InstallationShawnee, Kansas
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Green Summary

• Green solutions for stormwater quality benefits
  and pollutant removal
• Primarily used to address stormwater runoff
  pollution, stream pollution, and desire to
  improve ecosystems
• Secondary benefit is CSO volume reduction
• Green solutions utilize a decentralized
  approach
• Used to address stormwater problems at the
  source
• Manage and treat stormwater prior to the combined
  system
• Installed at numerous locations throughout the
  basins

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Green Summary (continued)

• Green solutions are important for redevelopment
• Key component to preserve integrity of Long Term
  Control Plan
• Achieve cost benefit
• Green solutions have other benefits
• High visibility enhances community awareness
• Achieve multiple environmental and water quality
  goals
• Provide more diverse solutions
• Green solutions can be part of the Combined Sewer
  Overflow (CSO) solution not the entire solution

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CSS Project Areas
Gooseneck Creek
NEID
Turkey Creek
Lower Blue River
Brush Creek
Town Fork Creek
Mid Blue River
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Can a Deep Tunnel be Green?
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Storage Basins Solve CSOs but Not Flooding
CSO Outfall
Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant
CSO Storage Basin
CSO Outfall
CSO solution does not address flooding
CSO Storage Basin
Combined Sewer Pipes
Turkey Creek Pumping Station
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Integrated Tunnel Solution
Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant
Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant
CSO Outfall
Large Storage Tunnel
Minimize Diameter
-Tunnel Diameter Sized to Convey -Tunnel
Length Provides Storage
Turkey Creek Diversion Pumping Station
Proposed Outfall
Combined Sewer Pipes
Existing CSO Outfall
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Turkey Creek Remaining Stormwater Tunnels
CSO II Broadway Outfall
CSO IV Broadway Diversion
CSO IV Santa Fe Outfall
Proposed Remaining Stormwater Tunnels
CSO IV Santa Fe Diversion Pump Station
CSO I Turkey Creek Outfall
Proposed Tunnels (Alt. 1 and Alt. 2)
CSO 306 Penn Valley Diversion
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Green Filter Enhancements Dispersed Detention
Opportunities- Turkey Creek
Turkey Creek Basin Number of Detention Sites
4 Potential Storage 30.2 MG Storm G Runoff
Volume 16.4 MG
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Additional Opportunities To Integrate Solutions
Exist, Traditional Solutions Can be Expanded!!
Wetland increases infiltration
Amenities possible from control facilities
Separate upstream sewer system
Outlet provides CSO and flood control
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Green Filter Enhancements Dispersed Detention
Opportunities
Turkey Creek Site 4 Spring Valley Park
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Where Do We Go From Here With The Green
Solutions?

• Demonstrate Effectiveness with Modeling
• Demonstrate Effectiveness on the Ground Pilot
  Projects
• Explore Multiple Benefit Opportunities
• Consensus Building with WSD and Public
• Potential Volume Reduction During Refinement of
  Alternatives

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Bacteria Recreation Season Geomeans E. coli
Brush Creek / Penn Valley Lake
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STREAM RESTORATION

• Convey the flood flow and create habitat
• Stabilize the banks and bed of channel
• Use natural materials
• Create flood benches

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Green Solutions Potential Stream Restoration
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Questions?
kcmo.org/wetweather
rainkc.com