JPARC Status and Channeling Experiments in Japan for JPARC and ILC

1
J-PARC StatusandChanneling Experiments in
Japan for J-PARC and ILC

• Shinya Sawada
• KEK
• (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,
  Japan)

2

• Part 1 J-PARC
• Overview
• Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC
• Construction Schedule and Status
• Part 2 Channeling Experiments in Japan for
  J-PARC and ILC
• Overview
• Experiment on electrons at Hiroshima
• Experiment on protons at KEK-PS
• Prospect

3

• Part 1 J-PARC
• Overview
• Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC
• Construction Schedule and Status
• Part 2 Channeling Experiments in Japan for
  J-PARC and ILC
• Overview
• Experiment on electrons at Hiroshima
• Experiment on protons at KEK-PS
• Prospect

4
Accelerator Configuration

• Cascaded Accelerator Complex

Hadron Hall (Slow Extracted Beams)
3GeV Rapid Cycling (25Hz) Synchrotron
Neutrino Beamline to Super-Kamiokande
Linac
Materials and Life Science Facility
50GeV Synchrotron
5
J-PARC
the High Intensity Frontier

• J-PARC aims for the high intensity frontier for
• materials/life sciences (3GeV), and
• nuclear/particle physics (50GeV)
• High intensity proton beam leads to high
  intensity secondary (neutron, meson, ) beam.
• The power ( Energy x Current) is a good measure.
• Neutron from 0.16MW (ISIS) to 1MW
• K meson 5 to 10 times more intense than existing
  BNL-AGS.

6
Phase 1 2

• The budget for about 2/3 of the entire project
  has been approved by the Japanese government from
  JFY2001 as Phase 1.
• Phase 1 (151 billion Yen) consists of major
  accelerator components and a part of experimental
  facilities.

7
Organization and Location

• J-PARC is a joint project between KEK and JAEA
  (Japan Atomic Energy Agency).
• J-PARC Center for operation of whole J-PARC
  facilities have recently established.
• J-PARC will be located at the Tokai campus of
  JAEA.

8
Three Goals of J-PARC
Materials Life Sciences at 3 GeV Nuclear
Particle Physics at 50 GeV RD toward
Transmutation at Linac
9

• Part 1 J-PARC
• Overview
• Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC
• Construction Schedule and Status
• Part 2 Channeling Experiments in Japan for
  J-PARC and ILC
• Overview
• Experiment on electrons at Hiroshima
• Experiment on protons at KEK-PS
• Prospect

10
Performance of the 50-GeV PS
Numbers in red are design values.
Numbers in parentheses are ones for the beginning
of Phase 1. Energy recovery of the linac to 400
MeV is planned just after the completion of the
Phase-1 construction in 2009.

• Beam Energy 50GeV ELinac 400MeV
• (30GeV for Slow Beam) ELinac (180MeV)
• (30GeV for Fast Beam)
• Repetition 3.4 5-6s
• Flat Top Width 0.7 2-3s
• Beam Intensity 3.3x1014ppp, 15mA
• (21014ppp, 9mA)
• Beam Power 750kW
• (270kW)

11
PAC

• Proposal ? J-PARC Center ? IPNS Director ? PAC
• According to an advice from PAC, IPNS Director
  judges approval of an experiment, and then the
  Director of J-PARC Center announces the final
  decision.
• http//j-parc.jp/NuclPart/PAC_for_NuclPart_e.html

• PAC 15 members, including 5 foreign researchers.
• 1st PAC meeting
• June 30 through Jule 2, 2006.
• 15 proposals were discussed.
• Stage-1 and stage-2 approved experiments, as well
  as deferred ones.
• List of the proposals http//j-parc.jp/NuclPart/P
  roposal_0606_e.html
• 2nd PAC meeting
• January 10-12, 2007.
• 3rd PAC meeting
• July, 2007?

12
Proposals
Stage 2
Stage 2
Stage 2
13
Slow Extraction Beamline (Phase 1)
NP-HALL 56m(L)60m(W)
50-GeV PS
A-Line
Switch Yard
T1 Target 30 Loss
Split Point 2 Loss
T0 Target 0.5 Loss
Beam Dump 750kW
Plan to extend the hall downstream (50m) in the
Phase 2.
14
Slow Extracted Beams at the Hadron Hall

• The building is being constructed so that phase-1
  experiments (LoIs) can be accommodated.
• K1.8 (and K1.1) has a higher priority for the
  day-1 exps.
• much higher K intensity than existing facilities.
• Major physics topics
• Kaon decays
• Hypernuclear physics
• Hadron physics

• K-(1.8 GeV/c)
• (K-,K), S-2
• K(0.8 GeV/c)
• K rare decay
• K-(1.1 GeV/c)
• (K-,p-), S-1

15
K1.8 beamline

• Most probable at Day-1 (the first day of the
  Phase 1)
• Some day in 2008 2009.
• High quality kaon beamline, 1.8 GeV/c.
• Best suitable for hypernuclear study, especially
  of S-2 systems, using (p, K), (K, p), and (K, K)
  reactions.

16
X Spectroscopy with (K-,K)
expectation
(Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer)
K
K-
1.8 GeV/c
?E 2 MeV (FWHM) BL 6 Tm 6 events/day/MeV for
50 msr, 2g/cm2-thick Pb? 20 days
MHY - MA
17
K1.1/K0.8 beamline

• Another probable beamline at early days of Phase
  1.
• People are trying to get funding also from
  agencies other than KEK (RIKEN, Korea, )
• High quality kaon beamline with lower momenta.
• Suitable for stopped kaon experiments as well as
  K decay experiments etc.

18
K0 beamline

• Beamline specifically designed for
  .
• Shielding is designed so that this experiment can
  be accommodated.
• A prototype experiment has been done at KEK-PS.

19
CP violation in KL?p0nn
_

• Most important rare decay channel in the
• J-PARC era
• Direct CP violation in FCNC process
• Clean measurement of Im(Vtd) h
• Clear test of the Standard Model
• Clue for new physics in comparison with B physics

• Experiments
• ? E391a 10-9 -10-10 ? KOPIO 10-12
  ? J-PARC lt 10-13
• 
  (50 events) (100?
  events)

Unitarity relation VudVub VcdVcb VtdVtb
0

• Standard Model prediction

BR (KL ? p o n n ) 6 k1 Im(VtdVts)2X2(xt)
1.9410-10h2A4X2 3 x 10-11
Determination of ? ???? 10 precision
20
High momentum beamline

• Not day-1, but I (we) expect its early
  realization.
• Primary protons and high mom. 2ndary beams.
• Foreign colleagues are interested in experiments
  at this beamline.
• Issues
• Budget.
• Development of equipments at the separation
  point.
• Utilities (electric power and cooling water).

21
Hadron Physics Sea Quark at Large xBj

• Proton beams (30/50 GeV) hydrogen/deuterium/A
  targetdimuon (? Drell-Yan process) spectrometer
• dbar/ubar (flavor asymmetry) at large x
• Anti quark PDF in A
• Quark energy loss in A
• PDF in large x
• Future Drell-Yan and J/? with polarized beam
• Direct investigation of quark-gluon multibody
  system

22
Vector Meson Modification in Nuclear Matter
KEK-PS E325 PRL 96 (2006) 092301
Electron Pair Spectrometer

• Improve KEK-PS E325
• thin target / primary beam (109 1010 ppp)/
  slowly moving mesons
• Main goal collect 104 105 ???? ee for each
  target in 100 shifts
• 10-100 times as large as E325
• velocity dependence of 'modified' component
• new nuclear targets proton (CH2 -C subtract),
  Pb
• narrow width -gt sensitive to modification
• free from ????interference ?
• ?????and J/???can be collected at the same time
• higher statistics of ?????than E325 with
  different A targets
• 100-1000 J/???are expected in 50GeV operation
• Normal nuclear density (pA)
• but also high matter density (AA, 20GeV/u) in
  the future

• Tracking Device
• Drift Chamber
• GEM(Gas electron multiplier) strip readout
• Two-stage Electron ID
• Gas Cherenkov
• PMT2 mirrors
• GEMCsI photocathode pad readout
• Leadglass EMC
• 30K Readout Channels (in 20 units)
• E325 3.6K, PHENIX300K
• Cost 5M (including 2M electronics)

23
T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) Neutrino Experiment

• Motivations of T2K (Tokai to Kamioka)
• Precise measurement of disappearance nm to nx.
• Discovery of ne appearance High flux of nm
  enables us to observe it.
• Flux (nm) at the 50 GeV PS gt 100 x Flux (nm) at
  KEK 12 GeV PS
• Future upgrade towards CP violation in the
  lepton sector

24
Neutrino Facility

• inward beam extraction
• proton line with SC combined-
• function magnets
• variable off-axis angle between
• 2-3 degrees
• 130m long decay section
• a near detector at 280 m
• another detector planned at 2km

25
Off-axis beam
26

• Part 1 J-PARC
• Overview
• Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC
• Construction Schedule and Status
• Part 2 Channeling Experiments in Japan for
  J-PARC and ILC
• Overview
• Experiment on electrons at Hiroshima
• Experiment on protons at KEK-PS
• Prospect

27
Construction Schedule Commissioning (Phase-1)
28
Beam Commissioning of the Accelerators

• December 2006 Beam commissioning of the Linac
  was started.
• January 24, 2007 The Linac accelerated
  181MeVDesign Energy protons with 0.25mA current.
• Goal is 200mA.
• From May 2007 Beam commissioning of the 3-GeV
  RCS will be started.
• From December 2007 Non-beam commissioning of the
  50-GeV synchrotron will be started.
• From May 2008 Beam commissioning of the 50-GeV
  synchrotron will be started.

29
Schedule of 50-GeV Facilities

• May-June 2008 First beam commissioning of the
  50-GeV accelerator.
• July-Oct. 2008 Installation of slow extraction
  equipments (ES septum, septum magnets, etc. and
  the rest of neutrino beamline equipments.
• Nov. 2008 Resume beam commissioning.
• Dec. 2008 March 2009 First extraction to the
  Hadron facility with slow extraction.
• April 2009 First extraction to the neutrino
  beamline with fast extraction.

30
To Do after the Day 1

• Energy recovery of the Linac 181 MeV ? 400 MeV
• To get design intensity of the 3-GeV and thus
  also the 50-GeV accelerators. (0.6MW?1MW for the
  3-GeV RCS)
• Gradual construction of the secondary beamlines
  at the Hadron Hall
• Only K1.8 (or K1.8BR) can be completed at the Day
  1.
• K1.1, K0, High-p,
• Phase-2 construction
• Extension of the Hadron Hall and related beamline
  construction
• Energy recovery of the 50-GeV synchrotron 30 GeV
  ? 50 GeV

31
Scenes of Construction
32
Tunnel Tour
33
Scenes of Construction

• Linac Area

34
Scenes of Construction

• MLF Building

• Neutron Source and Hall

35
Scenes of Construction

• Hadron Experimental Hall

• 50GeV Acc. and MLF

36
Summary for Part 1

• J-PARC will be the highest intensity accelerator
  complex of the GeV and ten-GeV energy regions in
  the world.
• The major aims are materials and life sciences by
  the 3-GeV synchrotron, nuclear and particle
  physics by the 50-GeV synchrotron, and RD for
  nuclear transmutation technology by the linear
  accelerator.
• The phase-1 construction began 2001, and will be
  completed in 2008.
• There is a wide variety of physics possibilities.
• Fixed target experiments (hadron physics, kaon
  rare decays etc.). at the slow extracted
  facility.
• Neutrino beam
• Etc. etc.

37

• Part 1 J-PARC
• Overview
• Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC
• Construction Schedule and Status
• Part 2 Channeling Experiments in Japan for
  J-PARC and ILC
• Overview
• Experiment on electrons at Hiroshima
• Experiment on protons at KEK-PS
• Prospect

38
Channelling
atoms of crystal
crystallographic plane
q
q
crystal axis
positive particles ? planar channeling
negative particles ? axial channeling
? lt critical (Lindhard) angle ? channeling
effect ? gt critical (Lindhard) angle ? no
channeling effect
39
Two Trials on Beam Handling

• Deflection of POSITIVE particles by BENT crystal

deflection angle

• Deflection of NEGATIVE particles by STRAIGHT
  crystal

deflection angle
40
REFER ring _at_ Hiroshima University

• REFER (Relativistic Electron
• Facility for Education
• and Research)

150-MeV electron beam injection line
QM3 magnet
beam extraction line
beam intensity 1x104 s-1
41
Experimental setup
extraction line
thickness of crystal 16mm
QM3
vacuum 1.0x10-7 torr
QM3 quadruple magnet to change beam divergence
at the crystal position
42
Schematic view of the setup

• the lt100gt axis was roughly aligned to
• the beam direction
• each combination of q and f angles and
• a beam profile at the FOS plate was recorded

Fiber Optic plate with a Scintillator (FOS)
thickness of Si crystal 16mm
beam profile
e
150-MeV electron beam
direction of lt100gt axis
f
2.3 m
q
43
Results (1)
Deflection angle change of the beam center
2.34 m

• Vertical beam divergence 3.0 mrad q0 mrad
  (QM3 2.0 A)

deflection angle, (mrad)
crystal angle f, (mrad)
44
Results (2)

• Vertical beam divergence
• 3.8 mrad (QM3 2.2 A).
• q 0 mrad

Vertical beam divergence 5.2 mrad (QM3 2.6
A). q 0 mrad
deflection angle, (mrad)
deflection angle, (mrad)
crystal angle f, (mrad)
crystal angle f, (mrad)
45
Results (3)
Deflection vs. beam divergence
The magnitude of the deflection, D, was
determined by fitting the plot with 1st
derivative of Gaussian function
normalized deflection magnitude, (mrad)
D
beam divergence, (mrad)
Larger beam divergence ? Smaller deflection
46
Simulation trajectory
Trajectory of the 150-MeV electrons inside of the
Si crystal
lt100gt axes
lt100gt axes
Initial position X-2.5Å,Y-2.5Å
Initial position X0Å,Y-2.5Å
X direction 0.095 mrad, Y direction 0.09 mrad
X direction 0.1 mrad, Y direction 0.01 mrad
47
Simulation
Comparison with experimental data
Beam divergence 5.2 mrad
Beam divergence 3.0 mrad
deflection angle, (mrad)
deflection angle, (mrad)
crystal angle f, (mrad)
crystal angle f, (mrad)
The tendency of the deflection as a function
of the vertical direction of the crystal (f) is
same. But, in quantitative comparison, the
peak-to-peak difference of the deflection angle
of the measurement is about 0.4 mrad, while its
around 0.04 mrad for the simulation.
48
Summary on REFER experiment

• Deflected 150-MeV electron beam by using lt100gt
  axis was clearly detected in this experiment.
• It showed clear evidence of ability to use
  crystals for handling negatively charged
  particles.
• The beam deflection as a function of the beam
  divergence was systematically investigated. Such
  technique can be used to determine the beam
  divergence.
• Simulation of this experiment was performed as
  well. Comparison of the experimental data with
  simulation showed
• qualitative agreements
• quantitative comparison showed difference
  additional simulation which includes all physical
  processes should be done.

49
Experiment at KEK-PS
North counter hall
Experiment was done in EP2 line
EP2 line
12 GeV Proton Synchrotron
East counter hall
50
Schematic drawing of the experiment
Top view
Deflection angle
CsI plate (5 x 2.5 cm)
Crystal
Deflected beam
Fluorescence plate (10 x 10 cm)
Main beam
Bent crystal
Goniometer
12 GeV protons
51
Experimental setup
Fluorescence plate
Fluorescence plates
Crystal
CsI plate
Al plate
p
Goniometer ?o
Distance 145cm
20 cm
52
Crystal, proton beam
Parameters of crystal
Material Silicon Size 3 x 0.3
x 10 mm Bending angle 32.6 mrad Plane
(111) Lindhard angle 0.056 mrad
Parameters of the proton beam
15mm
Energy 12 GeV Intensity 1012
protons/spill Size 15 x 12 mm Divergence lt 5
mrad
bending angle, 32.6 mrad
12mm
53
Typical pictures
image after background subtraction
raw image
fluorescence plate
CsI plate
Deflected beam
Primary beam

• intensity of deflected beam
• bending angle
• crystal efficiency

54
Results (1)
relative position of deflected beam on the CsI
plate, (mm)
1450 mm
angle between crystal and beam axis, (mrad)
dependence agreed with the estimations
55
Results (2)
intensity of deflected beam 107
intensity of deflected beam, (pps)
angle between crystal and beam axis, (mrad)
1012 pps ? 107 pps of deflected beam
main beam 1012
56
Simulation vs. Experimental data
Experimental intensity of the deflected beam
compared with the best fitted simulation (CATCH)
for the beam divergence of 0.6 mrad and
normalization factor for the d. b. intensity of
1/0.93.
simulation experiment
intensity of deflected beam
angle between crystal and beam axis, (mrad)
57
Crystal efficiency
Using both experimental data and the beam
divergence from the fitting with simulation
N deflected Crystal Efficiency x Angle
Efficiency x N incident upon the
crystal.
Crystal Efficiency was 23
58
Summary on KEK-PS experiment

• Experiment on the deflection of proton beam by
  the bent
• crystal was successfully done we could
  clearly observe
• deflected beam.
• A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to find the
  beam
• divergence and normalization factor.
• Using results of simulation and experimental
  data a
• deflection efficiency was found to be 23.

59
Future Possible Applications

• Slow extraction at REFER
• Replacing an aluminium energy degrader by a
  crystal will reduce energy losses and increase
  the intensity of extracted beam.
• Beam separation at J-PARC Hadron Facility
• Smaller beam profile (a few mm2) and emittance
  compared with the conventional extraction
  systems, smaller beam losses
• Halo scraper at ILC
• Spoiler copper 8.6 mm thick (0.6X0)
• Absorber copper 4.3 m thick (30X0)
• Bent crystal silicon 2 mm thick (0.02X0)

60
Summary for Part 2

• Beam handling with crystal channeling is being
  studied for both electrons and protons.
• For electrons (towards application for ILC), low
  energy experiments have been done. Fundamental
  understandings, both on theory and simulation,
  are necessary.
• For protons (towards application for J-PARC),
  possibility to use crystals at (relatively) lower
  energies has been demonstrated. Detailed design
  of a system is the next step.