The American Political Landscape

1
The American PoliticalLandscape

• Chapter 5

2
A Land of Diversity

• Geography and National Identity
• Sectional Differences
• State and Local Identity

3
A Land of Diversity

• Geography and National Identity
• Sectional Differences
• State and Local Identity

4
Table 5-1a (p. 114)Voting Patterns in the 11
Former Confederate States (continued on the next
three slides)
TABLE 5-1 Voting Patterns in the 11 Former
Confederate States

• Republican for President
• 50
• 62
• 59
• 43
• 46
• 2000 54

5
Table 5-1a (cont.)Voting Patterns in the 11
Former Confederate States (continued on the next
two slides) The 1996 Texas runoff elections are
not included.
Voting Patterns in the 11 Former Confederate
States

• Republican vote for U.S. Representatives
• 40
• 1982 39
• 42
• 1986 41
• 42
• 1990 43
• 48
• 1994 58
• 53
• 1998 58

6
Table 5-1b (cont.)Voting Patterns in the 11
Former Confederate States (continued on the next
slide)
Voting Patterns in the 11 Former Confederate
States

• Republican vote for U.S. Representatives
• 2000 53
• 56
• Republican Share of State Legislators
• House Senate
• 1980 18
  17
• 1982 22
  14
• 1984 23
  17
• 1986 24
  20
• 1988 27
  24

7
Table 5-1b (cont.)Voting Patterns in the 11
Former Confederate States.
Voting Patterns in the 11 Former Confederate
States

• Republican Share of State Legislators
• House Senate
• 1990 28
  26
• 1992 31
  31
• 1994 37
  37
• 1996 44
  44
• 1998 42
  40
• 2000 44
  42
• 47 46

SOURCE U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical
Abstract of the United States, 1993-2000. For
2000, CNN at www,cnn,com/elections/ 2000/results,
and Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report,
November 11, 2000, pp. 2694-2703 and Todd
Edwards, Council of State Governments, Southern
Office, personal communication, December 22, 2000.
8
Figure 5-1 (p. 115)Percent change in Resident
Popu-lation 1990-2000
9

• Where We Live
• Who We Are

• Race and Ethnicity
• African Americans
• Hispanics (Latinos)
• Asian Americans
• The Ties of Ethnicity

• Gender
• Sexual Orientation

10
Race and Ethnicity

• African Americans 13 percent of the population.
• Hispanics 10 percent of the population.
• Asians 4 percent of the population.
• Native Americans 1 percent of the populations.

11
TABLE 5-2 Cities with Populations of 100,000 or
More That Are at Least 50 Percent African
American, 2000
City Population Percent African
American Atlanta, Ga. 416,474
61.4 Baltimore, Md. 651,154
64.3 Birmingham, Ala. 242,820
73.5 Detroit, Mich. 951,270
81.6 Gary, Ind. 102,746
84.0 Jackson, Miss. 184,256
70.6 Memphis, Tenn. 650,100 61.4
Table 5-2 (p. 116)Cities with Populations of
100,000 or More That Are at Least 50 Percent
African American, 2000
12
Cities with Populations of 100,000 or More That
Are at Least 50 Percent African American, 2000
City Population Percent African
American Newark, N.J. 273,546
53.5 New Orleans, La. 484,674
67.3 Richmond, Va. 197,790
57.2 Savannah, Ga. 131,510
57.1 Washington, D.C. 572,059 60.0
Table 5-2 (cont,)Cities with Populations of
100,000 or More That Are at Least 50 Percent
African-American, 2000
13
Who We Are (cont)

• Family Structure
• Religion
• Wealth and Income
• Occupation
• Social Class
• Age
• Education

Unity in a Land of Diversity
14
Percentage of the Population by Race and Origin
1990 2000 2025 2050 White
83.9 82.2 78.5 74.9 African American
12.2 12.8 13.9
14.7 American Indian . . . 0.8 0.9
1.0 1.1 Asian/Pacific Island 3.0
4.1 6.5 9.3 Hispanic 8.9
11.8 8.2 24.3
SOURCE U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical
Abstract of the United States, 2001 (Government
Printing Office), pp. 16-17. Note Percentages
do not equal 100 because Hispanics can be of any
race. Figures for 2025 and 2050 are projections.
We the People (p.117)Percentage of the
Population by Race and Origin
15
Figure 5-2 (p. 117) Wealth Distribution in the
United States by Race
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Hispanic
White
African
American
Race
16
The Gender Gap

• In 2000 there were 3 female governors, 13 female
  senators, and 58 members in the House of
  Representatives.

17
Figure 5-3 (p. 120) Gender and the Vote for
President, 2000
60
40
Percent
20
0
Women
Nader
Gore
Bush
Men
Candidate
18
Religion
Shared Identity Denominations Catholics Protest
ants Jews Moslems
Related to other political characteristics Relig
ion and Politics p.107
19
Other 5
None 8
LDS 1
Orthodox 1
Jewish 2
Protestant
Catholic
27
56
Figure 5-4 (p. 124) Religious Groups in America
20
Wealthy and Income

• Wealth and Income
• Education
• Distribution of property
• Poverty Line

21
Figure 5-5 (p. 125)Median Family Income
1953-2000
22
AGE
18-24 Older Americans/Grey lobby Life-cycle
effects Generational effects
23
Figure 5-6 (p. 126)Percentage of Americans
Living in Poverty, by Age, 1959-2000
24
Figure 5-8 (p. 127)Percent of Population over
Age 65, 1960-2050
25
Occupation
GDP_ Inflation Per Ccapita income White
collar/blue collar Women and minorities Manufactur
ing/agricultue
26
Figure 5-7 (p. 127)Occupational Groups 1900-1999
27
Education
College Educated Public/Private Schools Most
important indicator of predicting political
participation
28
TABLE 5-3 Distribution of Education in the United
States
Population Not a High High School
Bachelors Advanced (1,000)
School Graduate Graduate Degree
Degree
Age 18 to 24 years old 26,532 10.8
30.4 7.0
0.6 25 to 34 years old 37,786
11.8 30.6
22.7 6.6 35 to 44 years old
44,805 11.4 33.7
18.4 8.6 45 to 54
years old 36,630 11.1 31.0
18.7 11.5 55 to 64
years old 23,387 17.7 35.7
13.7 10.9 65 to 74 years old
17,796 26.4 37.4
10.4 7.1 75 years old or over
14,825 35.4 34.1
8.7 4.7 Sex Male 96,901
17.2 31.8 16.2 8.7 Female 104
,861 16.6 33.7
15.3 6.5
SOURCE U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current
Population Reports, p. 217 (Government Printing
Office, 2001) U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 2001
(Government Printing Office, 2001), p. 140.
Table 5-3 (p. 128)Distribution of Education in
the United States
29
Distribution of Education in the United States
Population Not a High High School
Bachelors Advanced (1,000)
School Graduate Graduate Degree
Degree
Race White 148,091
12.3 3.6
17.4 8.4 Black
23,308 21.5
35.2 10.2
4.3 Hispanic 21,109 43.0
28.3 6.3
2.7 Asian/Pacific 7,859
14.7 21.8 26.4
13.3 Islander
SOURCE U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current
Population Reports, p. 217 (Government Printing
Office, 2001) U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 2001
(Government Printing Office, 2001), p. 140.
Table 5-3 (cont.)Distribution of Education in
the United States
30
Social Class
SES Proletariet/Bourgeoisie Class
system American Dream
31
Terms

• ETHNOCENTRISM
• POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
• DEMOGRAPHICS
• POLITICAL PREDISPOSITION
• REINFORCING CLEAVAGES
• CROSS-CUTTING CLEAVAGES
• MANIFEST DESTINY
• RACE
• ETHNICITY
• GENDER GAP
• GDP
• SES