Carrier PhaseBased GNSS: a university research agenda

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Carrier Phase-Based GNSSa university research
agenda
Chris Rizoz
Chris Rizoz
Chris Rizos Satellite Navigation Positioning
(SNAP) Group, School of Surveying Spatial
Information Systems The University of New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia
Civil GPS Service Interface Committee
Meeting10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Australia
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Overview

• GPS RD The Big Picture
• University GPS Research Topics
• The Australian Scene CRC NICTA
• Directions in SNAP Research

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GPS Space-Based Positioning System of Unequalled
Versatility

• Geodetic technique -- accurate, low-cost,
  portable, massive ground infrastructure
• Surveying tool -- valuable addition to the
  surveyor's toolkit
• Navigation technology -- affordable, ubiquitous,
  impacting on all marine-air-land navigation
  practice
• Consumer electronics -- alter society's view of
  the world influence the mobile services
  provided through wireless technologies

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First civilian GPS (geodetic) receivers, early
1980s
First Australian GPS control survey, state of
South Australia 1985
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Evolution of the User Segment

• 1980s military, surveying geodesy
• 1990s navigation users
• 2000s consumer electronics, LBS

This has influenced the RD trends So what have
the universities been doing?
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Australian University GPS RD (1)

• Geodesy the primary driver since the mid-1980s
• Concentrated in depts of surveying/geomatics
• Algorithm development CPH modelling
  processing, AR, etc.
• Applications focus geodynamics, reference frame,
  surveying, kinematic, etc.
• UNSW, CUT, UM, RMIT, USA, UT, UC, QUT

Has uni RD focus evolved with application trends?
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Australian University GPS RD (2)

• Largely CPH-based PR techniques apps have been
  shunned
• No hardware developments EE skills lacking
• No navigation technology research culture EE
  depts totally indifferent to GNSS RD
• Industry dominated by SMEs minor influence on
  university RD
• Can university RD capability adapt to new
  challenges?

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Convergence of Developments

• Wireless Communications
• Mobile Computing
• Mobile Positioning
• Spatial Database Servers

Will the Uni RD agenda reflect such mainstream
technologies/apps, or remain focused on niches???
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GPS the slow burn technology

• At heart of convergence of crucial technologies
  GPS the core technology
• Low-cost, high-performance of GPS
• GPS as infrastructure a vital utility
• Next generation GNSS modernized GPS, Galileo,
  etc.
• Massive potential for new products services

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GPS-Related Research Challenges (1)

• Deformation/GeodynamicsGPS HW/SW systems, coms
  issues, time series analysis, DInSAR/remote
  sensing, engineering apps, etc.
• CGPSBase stn QC/ops, coms issues, web apps,
  scalability, servers, multi-functionality, new
  services, non-positioning apps, etc.
• GPS MeteorologyIonospheric tropospheric
  studies, ground space-based, interaction with
  NWM, etc.

• "Indirect" GPSBistatic radar imaging, multipath
  analysis, ground airborne systems, remote
  sensing apps, etc.
• Long-Range Kinematic GPSOcean buoy positioning,
  CGPS apps over long distances, coms issues, etc.
• GPS/Glonass/GalileoObservation modelling, new
  data processing algorithms, multi-frequency
  OTF-AR, QC, new apps, receiver customisation, etc.

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GPS-Related Research Challenges (2)

• Precise NavigationNew apps, coms link issues,
  new instrumentation, new algorithms, etc.
• Hazard MonitoringVolcanoes, landslides,
  structural integrity, ground subsidence, which
  technology processing strategies?
• GNSS AugmentationsWAAS, WADGPS, RADGPS, testing
  advice on implementation issues
• GPS Internet WirelessInternet DGPS, RTK,
  processing engines, monitoring control, etc.

• Multi-Sensor SystemsGPSINS, LIDAR, CCD, MEMS
  integration challenges.
• MSS ApplicationsMobile mapping, augmented
  reality, robotics (guidance/control), etc.
• New TechnologiesPseudolites, receiver designs,
  mobilephone positioning, WLAN, etc.
• TelegeoinformaticsLBS, GIS, indoor positioning,
  apps issues, mobile devices wireless coms.

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The Australian Scene

• GPS expertise concentrated in surveying/geomatics
  depts., not EE.
• Applied/practical research is more valued by
  industry, but CPH-based research provides
  necessary challenges for academia.
• Australian GPS RD is worldclass (although
  predominantly focused on CPH-based tech/apps).
• Cooperative Research Centre in Spatial
  Information (CRC-SI) to be established mid-2003.
• National ICT Centre-of-Excellence established
  2002.

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CRC-SI (1)

• Industry, government university consortium
• To begin from mid-2003
• Seven year funding gt4m(cash),10m(inkind) p.a.
• Focus on the science applications of SI
• Five research programs
• Seven demonstrator projects
• Commercialisation, advanced training technology
  transfer from CRC to industry government
  partners

First opportunity for university GNSS RD agenda
to be shaped by industry/users
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CRC-SI (2)

• SME consortium
• Public sector agencies Geosciences Australia,
  DIGO, DITM, Land Victoria, DOLA, AgWest, etc.
• Universities Univ. of Melbourne, UNSW, Curtin
  Univ., Charles Sturt Univ.
• Industry contributions ESRI, Intergraph,
  Raytheon, and others
• Headquarters at Univ. of Melbourne
• Research programs headed by university
  researchers
• Demonstrators link research to integrated
  outcomes

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CRC-SI (3)

• Integrated Positioning Mapping Systems - Chris
  Rizos (UNSW)
• Metric Imagery as a Spatial Information Source -
  Clive Fraser (UM)
• Spatial Information System Design Spatial Data
  Infrastructures - Ian Williamson (UM)
• Earth Observation for Renewable Natural Resource
  Management - Tony Milne (UNSW)
• Modelling Visualisation for Spatial Decision
  Support - Ian Bishop (UM)

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NICTA

• Recent announcement by Federal Government of ICT
  centre of excellence to NSW-ACT consortium.
• Universities UNSW, ANU, Sydney Univ.
• UNSW is lead institution.
• Others ACT, DITM, Lend Lease, ...
• 130m over 5 years (matched by other funds).
• gt200 fulltime researchers lots of graduate
  students.
• Dominated by EE, Telecom Eng. Comp. Sci.
• Challenge how to encourage RD into SI
  Technology Applications?

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Satellite Navigation and Positioning (SNAP) Group

• Located within the School of Surveying SIS,
  Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.
• Largest and most active academic GPS RD group in
  Australia.
• Specialising in the theory, technology and
  applications of positioning using GPS and other
  navigation technologies.

http//www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap
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Project Theme 1

• Indonesian volcano monitoring
• Singapore building monitoring
• Appin area subsidence monitoring
• Mixed receiver networks
• Integration of GPS DInSAR
• Tectonic geomorphological interpretation of
  ground deformation
• Meteorological studies
• Time series analysis

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Project Theme 2

• CPH-based GPS/Glonass/ Galileo positioning
• Stochastic modelling
• Ambiguity resolution validation
• INS data modelling
• PL data modelling issues
• Integration of GPS INS PL
• Integration of navigation image sensor systems,
  associated HW issues
• Kalman filtering algorithms/SW

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Project Theme 3

• RTK-GPS, single network-based
• Algorithms for kinematic positioning
• Single-frequency algorithms
• Pseudolite development
• Receiver firmware customisation
• Industrial applications of RTK
• Coms link RD, incl. Internet, WLAN
• Software-defined receivers
• Embedded processors RTOS
• GPS Development Kits

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Project Theme 4

• GPS UNSW microsatellite
• Indoor positioning options
• UNSW demonstrators
• GPS mobilephone positioning
• Mobile GIS-based projects
• Augmented reality
• WLAN Bluetooth developments
• New collaborations

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Current SNAP RD

• GPSInSAR deformation monitoring techniques
• SydNET network-based GPS infrastructure apps
• Pseudolite( other sensors) technology
  applications
• Receiver firmware customisation
• Low-cost CPH-based positioning systems
• High performance, CPH-based kinematic positioning
  systems
• Indoor positioning concepts technologies
• Indirect GPS signals research
• Stochastic modelling fundamental research

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SydNET - Nine Site (15Km Radius) QSQR (LPI) PARR
(LPI Parramatta) SUTH (Sutherland) HOXT
(Liverpool) CAMD (Camden) PENR (Penrith) WIND
(Hawkesbury) GALS (Hornsby) MONA (Pittwater)
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Uni RD From Geodesy to Telegeoinformatics?

• GPS-only algorithm research nearing the end, some
  new 'lease-of-life' from Galileo modernized
  GPS.
• Industry wants solutions, hence core CPH
  competency must be preserved made available for
  applications.
• Niche (precision) applications are still
  attractive, but will increasingly involve system
  or sensor integration.
• Telegeoinformatics applications cannot be
  ignored, being multi-disciplinary in nature, but
  more HW based.
• Days of ivory tower RD at unis are numbered,
  must seek strategic partnerships for mutual
  benefit.