WATERSHED MISSION IN MAHARASHTRA

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WATERSHED MISSION IN MAHARASHTRA

• Goals, objectives and strategy.

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Water resources in Maharashtra

• 4350 tcm
• 2600 tcm utilizable resoureces
• 52.61 lakh ha surface irrigation potential
• 18.0 lakh ha ground water resoureces
• 70.61 lakh ha ultimate irrigation potential.
• 30 area under irrigation of total cropped area
• 517 tcm in traditional DPAP AREAS 87 Talukas
• Source DPAP Report Subramaniam Committee.

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Watershed its dimensions Maharashtra

• TWO regions 307713 sq kms
• Six river basins
• 16 catchments
• 74 sub catchments
• 396 Watersheds
• 1504 Sub Watersheds .
• More than 60000 Micro watersheds..
• Krishna and Tapi are water stress basins.
• 1/3 hilly areas in Maharashtra
• 1/3 DPAP areas
• 1/3 heavy rainfall areas
• 93.72 area with basalt hard rocks

4
LAND DRGRADATION

• 136 lakh ha suffers from land dregation.
• 10 lakh ha salinity or alkalinity water logged.
• 94 per cent of geo area suffers from water
  induces soil erosion .
• 86 per cent Western ghats and 75 percent Konkan
  area suffers from severe erosion
• Annual loss 775 million tonnes i.e. Rs. 3040
  crores annually.
• source NBSLSP Nagpur.

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MAHARASHTRA ITS Agriculture..

• Out of total 220 lakh hectres under cultivated,
  only 17 percent is under irrigation.
• Most of these is under well irrigation i.e. 50
  percent .
• Most of these wells are recharged by monsoons .
• UNIMODAL ,State has the benefit of only one
  monsoon from June to October .

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ALARMING Land Degradation

• 73 percent of States geographical area semi arid
  eco region rendering it vulnerable to water
  scarcity .
• 70.6 percent lakh ha Waste land
• 28.73 lakh ha community land waste land
• 24 lakh ha private lands
• 17.8 lakh ha forest lands
• These are mostly uplands with or without shrubs.

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RAINS IN MAHARASHTRA

• Area MAR MMR MRD OURS
• Konkan 2870 2700 84 40
• Madhya Maha 920 770 40 16
• Marathwada 800 650 37 16
• Vidarbha 1090 950 45
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• Rains in mm. Hours means 50 rainfall intake time

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Droughts

• Meteorological drought means failure of rains ,
  dry spells or delayed rains or early withdrawl.
  
• Agricultural drought means failure of rains or
  absence of moisture in the soils when required
  during the growth of crops. Timing of rains do
  not match the water requirements of the crops.
• Hydrological drought means the failure of water
  tables, declining of water tables drastically
  due to failure of rains or failure of or absence
  of recharging or overdrawal.

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Drought Prone State

• State has two agro climatic zones Sholapur and
  Akola region.
• The effective cropping period is 28 weeks i.e.
  the maximum. it only allows mixed crops and no
  double cropping in THIS REGION.
• The traditional DPAP talukas are the worst in
  rains and evapotranspiration i.e.only in th the
  month of september the precipitation exceeds
  evapotranspiration

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Water Harvesting its logic
t

• Inter temporal variation in rainfall , the
  monsoon rains only from June to October.
• Interregional variation , poor rains or no rains
  in DPAP blocks.
• Drinking water contingencies due to fluctuations
  in water table in dry spells.
• Semi Tropical belt high evaporative needs.
• 93.72 Hard Basalt rock with low storage
  capacity or poor in filteration rates.
• Source Water Harvesting by Anil Agarwal.

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State wise sensitivity of food grain output to
Rainfall.

• deviation in prod to 1 deviation in
  rainfall.
• 61- 70
  71- 85
• AP 0.14
  0.11
• Bihar 0.84
  0.31
• MAHARASHTRA O.27 0.82
• Rajasthan 0.13
  0.13
• TN 0.09
  0.50
• KARNATAKA 0.33
  0.58

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Drought proneness has extendd to other
areasDPAP

• In 1994, the Hanumantha Rao Committee has adopted
  SOIL MOISTURE INDEX approach and identified 220
  blocks in our State as DPAP blocks.
• Lot of blocks from Vidarbha and Marathwada were
  added.
• DPAP BLOCKS increased from 95 to 220.
• 24 of countrys DPAP area in the State

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Watershed Management

• Watershed management has two components
• Watershed project consisting of treatments in
  arable , non-arable lands and the structures on
  the drainage line .
• Watershed as the socio techno intervention to
  promote better farming, mixed farming cross
  farming and micro enterprises based on the raw
  material from the watershed .
• Watershed management also involves participatory
  appraisal and social mapping.

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Watershed management

• Goals
• SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES I.e. Water ,
  soil and vegetation.
• Meet food fodder fuel needs of the watershed
  community.
• To meet drinking water demands of the community .
• To meet the irrigation requirement of crops in
  the critical areas like DPAP blocks where no
  major or medium projects are feasible at all in
  Maharashtra.

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Watershed project preparation 2

• Soil map for cropping and water percolation and
  storage purpose.
• Remote sensing maps to identify land degradation
  and vegetation status.
• Geological data to identify proper percolation
  zones.
• GSDA zone mapping of runoff, storage and
  recharging zones.

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Watershed project preparation

• PRA participatory rural appraisal. Social
  mapping.
• Bench mark survey .
• Water account and budgeting
• Contour survey .
• L section survey for drainage line treatment.

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Agriculture performance

• It has grown at 1.79 per annum between 93- 94
  to 99- 2000 money terms at 93- 94 prices.
• The population has grown at 22.57 between 81-
  91 to 91- 2001.
• Hardly any significant growth in per person
  income.
• Rural population is 5.52 crore 2001

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Agricultural crop performance

• Foodgrains Jowar kh Paddy
• 1.66 -0.04 0.98
• Oilseeds 5.20
• Base
• 1980 81 to 1999 2000.
• Compound growth rates

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Falling incomes and investment

• Agri inputs costs increased by 16 over last two
  years but the products prices have increased by
  miniscule 4 over the last two years.
• Electricity price for agriculture use increased
  by 27 while fertilizer prices increased by 10.6
  .
• Agri cost index increased by 7.4 from 93 94 to
  oo_ 01. But TOT has risen sharply to 118 but has
  fallen to 115.5 in 2000 2001.
• Agri investment was 1.6 of GDP in 93 94 ,it
  has declined to 1.5 in 2000.
• Agri investment was 3.4 of current
  expenditure in 93 94 ,it has declined to 1.4
  in 2000.
• Agri investment in public sector has increased
  from Rs 4467 crores in 1993 94 to Rs 4468 crores
  at 93 94 prices .
• Source Economic Survey 2001 GOI

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POVERTY IN MAHARASHTRA
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Employment trends 2001

• Growth rate of employment annual com growth rate
  in per cent.
• Period Rural Urban
• 83 to 89 1.36 2.77
• 87 88- 94 2.03 3.39
• 93 94 -99 0.67 1.34
• 2000

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Employment scenario

• 8.4 MILLION ADDED EVERY YEAR FOR JOBS
• 3.5 TO 4.0 MILLION ARE ABSORBED BY GROWTH
  PROCESS.
• 8 TO 9 PERCENT GROWTH RATE OG GNP REQUIRED TO
  ABSORB GROWING NUMBER OF YOUTH DEMANDING WORK.
• Source Ahluwalia Report Planning Commission 2001.

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LANDUSE 1
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VIDARBHA DEMOGRAPHY
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RAINFALL IN VIDARBHA
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CROP PRODUCTIVITY K PADDY
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OILSEEDS PRODUCTION
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COTTON SCENE
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Malgujari Tanks 1
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Irrigation position in Vidarbha
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Irrigation development in Nagpur div
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MALGUJARI PRIDE OF VIDARBHA
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Malgujari Tanks the Pride of Vidarbha
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Malgujari tanks
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Malgujari Tanks 2
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River basin wise irrigation in Konkan
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River basin wise irrigation in Nasik div
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River basin wise irrigation in POONA Div
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River Basin wise irrigation in Vidarbha
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River basin wise irrigation in Vidarbha 2
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River basin wise irrigation in Marathwada 1
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River basin wise irrigation in Marathwada 2
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Water Availability position in Maharashtra
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Vidarbha region 1
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Water availability in Marathwada
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RALEGAON SIDDHI ADAGAON PROJECTS

• INCOME Levels increased
• Ralegaon Siddhi from Rs 271 in 1975- 76 to Rs
  2275 in 1985 - 86 .
• Adagaon income increased from Rs 968 in 1983- 84
  to Rs 6498 1990-91.
• Cropping intensity increased to 200 percent.
• Wells increased by 200 to 800 .
• Milk collection increased dramatically.

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