Gender Issues in Costing Macroeconomic Framework

1
Gender Issues inCosting Macroeconomic Framework
2
Labour Force Participation Rate

• Sex Urban Rural National
• Female 27.5 47.6 42.7
• Male 72.2 65.8 67.5
• Total 49.7 56.0 54.4
• Source National Labour Force Survey 2004

3
Percentage of employed population by completed
level of education and sex

• Sex No Non-formal Monastic Formal
• F 71 8.3 2 18.5
• M 54 2.3 15 28.3
• Total 61.34.8 9.7 24.3

4
Employed people by economic activity and sex

• F M
• Agriculture/Forestry 62300 70500
• Mining/Quarrying 0 100
• Manufacturing 6800 5800
• Electricity/Gas/Water 100 900
• Construction 900 6000
• Wholesale/Retail 1600 3200
• Hotels/Restaurants 600 800
• Transport/Storage/Com 400 2200
• Financial intermediation 700 1800
• Real Estate/Business 2700 7000

5
Employed people by economic activity and sex

• F M
• Public Administration 700 9300
• Education 1600 2300
• Health/Social Work 700 1700
• Community/Social Service 5800 9900
• Private Households 200 400
• Non-Classified 900 2200
• Source MoLHR National Labour Force Survey 2004

6
Challenges

• Promoting greater female enrolment in formal
  education, especially at higher levels
• Providing greater access to women in
  professional, technical and vocational training
• Formally recognizing the right to equal pay for
  work of equal value
• Increasing incomes of those family workers who
  currently receive little or no remuneration,
  especially for rural women
• Enhancing skills of women farmers and vulnerable
  groups of women to encourage diversification of
  their income-generating activities

7
Challenges

• Promoting cottage and small rural based
  enterprises and providing increased access to
  financial services to accelerate growth in
  rural-based enterprises
• Making rural-based skills training programmes
  more women-friendly to encourage more women
  participants
• Addressing the problem of rising female
  unemployment, especially in urban areas
• Addressing the issue of womens heavy workload
  for those having family as well as professional
  responsibilities

8
Challenges

• Addressing socio-cultural perceptions, prevailing
  stereotypes and other possible barriers to
  greater female participation in the formal
  employment sector
• Addressing the issue of under-aged girls being
  employed as domestic workers
• Strengthening collection and analysis and
  interpretation of sex-disaggregated data