Chapter 11 Properties of Liquids and Solids

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Chapter 11Properties of Liquids and Solids

• Formula ? Lewis Structure ? Electron Geometry ?
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  Molecular Geometry ? Polarity ?
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  Intermolecular Forces ? Properties

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What happens when water boils. Draw pictures.
Bonding vs. Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)
Where do IMFs come from?
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Types of forces between molecules Intermolecular
Forces (IMFs)
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Ion-Dipole Forces Between dissolved ions and
polar molecules
Enthalpy of hydration Trends
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Dipole-Dipole Forces Between polar molecules
Trends
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Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces Between polar and
nonpolar molecules
Trends
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Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces Between
nonpolar molecules
Trends
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Hydrogen Bonding Molecules with F-H, O-H, or N-H
bonds
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Hydrogen Bonding Properties of water
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Hydrogen Bonding Properties of water
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More on Boiling Points and Hydrogen Bonding
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Identifying IMFs
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Relative Contributions of Different IMFs
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• Properties of Liquids
• Vapor Pressure (volatility)
• Boiling Point
• Enthalpy of Vaporization
• Viscosity
• Surface Tension

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Molecular interpretation of vapor pressure and
boiling.
Enthalpy of vaporization
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Clausius-Clapyron Equation Vapor Pressure,
?Hvap, and T
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Graphical Method of Determining Enthalpy of
Vaporization
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Example 2. What is the mass of water in the air
in this lecture hall? 14 m x 5 m x 17 m T 22
oC Humidity 43
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Example 3. A 1-L flask of air is at 30 oC and
relative humidity of 68. The flask is put in a
freezer and the temperature decreases to 5 oC.
What happens?
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Surface Tension
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Types of Solids Ionic Molecular Network
crystalline amorphous Metallic
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More Network Solids
diamond
Quartz SiO2
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Counting Atoms in Unit Cells Inside
1 Face ½ Edge ¼ Corner 1/8
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Unit Cells, Dimensions and Measurements Ca
metal Face centered cubic unit cell Density
1.54 g/cm3 What is the radius of a Ca atom?
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What fraction of a simple cubic unit cell is
filled with atoms? What fraction of a
face-centered cubic unit cell is filled with
atoms?
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Supercritical Fluids