Matter, Energy and Life

1
Matter, Energy and Life

• Chapter 4

2
How do we get energy?The basic food groups
3
Basics About Carbohydrates
4
Carbohydrates

• Simple Sugars
• Monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, galactose
• Disaccharides like sucrose and lactose
• Complex Carbohydrates
• starch
• glycogen
• In animals, carbohydrates function primarily in
  short-term energy storage

5
Starch

• Glucose
• Plant carbohydrate that stores energy
• Important source of energy for animals

6
Hydrolysis (breaking apart) of starch or complex
carbohydrates yields simple sugars
7
Saliva

• The mouth is the first organ of the digestive
  system
• Chewing your food is the first step to digestion.
  Chewing physically breaks down food
• Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical
  breakdown of food
• amylase
• lysozyme

8

• The enzyme amylase in saliva breaks starch into
  simple sugar molecules
• In general, the process of breaking something
  down into smaller pieces (catabolism) occurs
  through the addition of water (hydrolysis).
  

9
Investigation 3Chemical Aspects of Digestion

• Testing for the digestion of crackers
• Crackers are made of
• When we eat crackers we are releasing
  _____________ into our system.
• Iodine tests for the presence of starch
• caramel color/dark blue
• Benedicts solution tests for simple sugars
• blue?green?yellow?red