DNA II

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DNA II

• Review for Lecture P121

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LAB this week

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• VIDEO starting on time Room 209 (here)
• 125 or 800.
• Bring snack if you will clean up.
• 1 h 45 min.
• Followed by discussion.
• REPORT (see instructions) must be TYPED.

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Help this week only

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• tutoring practice on genetics problems during
  OTHER lab sections. You may go for part of the
  time but you have to go to your own lab section
  for the total time.
• Wednesday (today) 130 - 400
• Thursday 800 - 1030 130 - 400

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most important concept

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• DNA -gtmore DNA --gt RNA -gt protein

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Breast Cancer gene does not make a protein needed
to repair DNA

• http//www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/297/55
  88/1837 13 Sep 2002) gene BRCA2. Mutations
  in that gene have been associated with increased
  susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer --
  but just why that should be the case has never
  been clear. In a tour-de-force of structural
  biology and biochemistry, Yang et al. provided an
  answer the BRCA2 protein product, in its normal
  operation, is directly involved in repairing
  broken DNA by the process of homologous
  recombination -- in which the intact strand of a
  chromosome pair is used as the template for
  repair. The researchers demonstrated that the
  C-terminal domain of BRCA2 contains multiple
  DNA-binding domains presented in vitro evidence
  showing that BRCA2 interacts with another
  protein, RAD51, that's known to participate in
  homologous recombination and suggested that
  BRCA2 helps facilitate the exchange of homologous
  DNA during recombination. The findings complement
  a body of recent studies showing that BRCA2 and
  its related gene product BRCA1 interact with a
  variety of other genes that collectively protect
  cells against genome instability.

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More about cancers carcinogens mutagens

• Details at end of chapter 12

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most important concept

•      DNA -gtmore DNA --gt RNA -gt protein
• mutations may be inherited
• mutations may affect phenotypes
• mutations may affect checkpoints and cancer
• mutations may affect repair, leading to more
  mutations

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Analyzing DNA

• PCR CD 12.2 other links
• Sequencing (see help page links for animations)
• More to come after Test 2

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SEQUENCING

• determining the sequence of bases in DNA

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dNTP deoxynucleotide triphosphate ddNTP di -
deoxy NTP
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dNTP deoxynucleotide triphosphate ddNTP di
- deoxy NTP
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electrophoresis
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Newer methods (chapter 16)

• Dyes on different nucleotides instead of
  radioactivity
• (still electrophoresis, but no longer 4 bands)
• machine scanner tabulates color sequences
  (instead of error-prone human looking at film)

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most important concept

•      DNA -gtmore DNA --gt RNA -gt protein
• the natural processes of replication can be used
  in the laboratory to make bits of DNA for
  analyzing more things.

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For Friday

• Transcription CD activity 13.1
• post-transcription intron excision
• Translation CD activity 13.2
• Post-translational folding and transport

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most important concept

•      
• DNA -gtmore DNA --gt RNA -gt protein