Water Survey

1
Water Survey

• Michael Hubert
• Bellarmine College
• Ecology

2
Organizational Chart
3
Topics of Discussion

• Performing the tests
• A detailed description of each of the tests
  including how they are performed, what they are
  testing for and explaining the significance or
  meaning of the results.
• An examination of the samples taken from each
  site during the project.
• Interpretation of water samples, Sites One and
  Two, and Charts.
• Overall Status of the Project
• Results of the Project
• Concluding Remarks

4
Performing the Tests

• There were six tests used at each site.
• Hardness
• Alkalinity
• Acidity
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
• Temperature and pH
• Each test was performed in order to determine the
  amount of each present in the water at that time,
  which allows us to observe if any changes have
  occurred.

5
Hardness Test

• Historically, water hardness has been defined as
  the capacity of water to precipitate soap.
  Presently, hardness is defined as the
  quantitative measure of ions such as Calcium and
  Magnesium, present in a sample of water.
• First, obtain a 5 ml water sample and add 5 drops
  of reagent 1. Next, add 1 drop of Eriochrome
  indicator solution and swirl in tight circles.
  The solution should turn a red-violet color. Now
  take the titration syringe and fill it with EDTA.
  Begin the titration by carefully adding one drop
  at a time until the solution becomes purple, then
  swirl for 15 seconds after each additional drop
  until the solution becomes blue. Finally, read
  the number of ml used during titration and
  multiply by 300 to obtain ppm of CaCO3.
• The measure and control of water hardness is
  essential to prevent clogging in water pipes.

6
Alkalinity Test

• Alkalinity is the quantitative capacity of water
  to neutralize an acid to a set pH. This is
  important in determining the corrosive
  characteristics of water due primarily to
  hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate ions.
• The Alkalinity test begins by adding 1 drop of
  Bromophenol blue to a 5 ml sample of water. If
  the solution turns yellow, then it is acidic and
  the acidity test must be carried out. If the
  solution is green or blue, then reagent 3,
  Hydrochloric acid must be titrated into the
  solution, swirling after each drop. The number
  of drops should be counted until the solution
  turns yellow. Yellow indicates the solution is
  Alkaline. Multiply the ml titrated by 300 to
  obtain ppm of CaCO3.
• Alkalinity is critical in the treatments of
  drinking water, wastewater, boiler and cooling
  systems, and soils.

7
Acidity Test

• Acidity is the quantitative capacity of water to
  neutralize a base to a set pH. Therefore, the
  greater acidity, the more corrosive the water.
• The Acidity test begins by adding 1 drop of
  Sodium Thiosulfate and Bromophenol blue to a 5 ml
  sample of water. If the solution turns blue,
  then the acidity is zero. If the solution is
  yellow, then reagent 4, Sodium Hydroxide must be
  titrated into the solution, swirling after each
  drop. Count the number of drops until the
  solution changes from yellow to blue. Blue
  indicates the solution is Acidic. Finally,
  multiply the ml titrated by 500 to obtain ppm of
  CaCO3.
• Today, water supplies are becoming more
  contaminated with corrosive chemicals due to
  industrial dumping or acid rain, therefore,
  acidity measurements are essential for monitoring
  and controlling pollution levels.

8
Dissolved Oxygen Test

• The concentration of dissolved oxygen in water is
  extremely important in nature. In oceans, lakes,
  rivers , and other bodies of water, dissolved
  oxygen is essential to the growth and development
  of aquatic life.
• The test for dissolved O2 begins by adding 5
  drops of Manganous Sulfate and Potassium
  Hydroxide to a glass bottle with a sample of
  water. Shake vigorously and then allow to stand
  for 1 minute. Next, add 10 drops of Sulfuric
  Acid and shake vigorously until precipitate is
  dissolved. Now take 5 ml of the solution and add
  1 drop of reagent 4, then titrate Sodium
  Thiosulfate into the solution until it changes
  from blue to colorless. Finally, multiply the ml
  titrated by 10 to obtain ppm of O2 in the water
  sample.
• Without oxygen, water can become toxic due to
  anaerobic decaying of organic matter.

9
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Test

• Certain CO2 levels are required in nature and in
  mans environment, however, stagnant or polluted
  water can generate large amounts of CO2 due to
  decomposition. This can cause the water to
  become corrosive and toxic to aquatic lifeforms.
• The CO2 test begins by adding 1 drop of
  Phenophthalein indicator solution to 5 ml of
  water. If the solution turns pink then CO2 is
  zero. If the solution is colorless, then titrate
  Sodium Hydroxide into the solution until it turns
  pink. Finally, multiply the ml titrated by 100
  to obtain the ppm of CO2.
• In water systems, a delicate balance of CO2 must
  be maintained to prevent corrosion or
  encrustation of pipes.

10
pH and Temperature

• pH
• The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or
  alkalinity of a solution.
• The pH value indicates the concentration of
  hydrogen ions in the solution.
• Temperature
• Temperature is the measure in degrees Celsius of
  a solution.
• It is important to note that the temperature of
  the water will effect the data a great deal.
• For example the warmer the water the more growth
  will occur, causing increased CO2 and decreased
  O2.

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Examination of Water Samples

• Water samples were taken home in mason jars and
  then filtered using a hand pump filtration
  device.
• During this process the contents of the jars were
  trapped onto filter paper and then examined under
  a microscope.
• Examining the filter paper was necessary in order
  to discover what type of organisms were present
  in each sample.

14
Interpretation of the Samples

• The interpretation of the water samples has not
  been started yet because the project is being
  carried over into next semester.

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
Overall Status of the Project

• What has been done thus far
• I have performed various tests that allow me to
  draw short-term conclusions for this project.
  However, at this time the status of the project
  is incomplete due to its carrying over into next
  semester.
• Steps to be taken next
• In the following months, I will continue to visit
  each site, performing each of the tests many more
  times. I will also begin to examine each of the
  water samples to determine the contents of the
  ponds.
• Finally, I will devise long-term conclusions
  based on the results that were gathered and
  finish with some concluding remarks.

23
The First Site

• This site is the large pond directly behind Dr.
  Tietjens home.
• It is located in Shelby County, next to Guist
  Creek and was a National Fish Hatchery for many
  years. This body of water is much deeper than
  the others.

24
The Second Site

• This site is across from Dr. Tietjens home and
  is separated from the first site by a dam. This
  site will occasionally flow into the first site.
• The second site also catches much of the run off
  from the farm on the hill behind it.

25
The Third Site

• This site is located in Franklin County and is a
  National Fish Hatchery. This Hatchery deals only
  with warm water fish such as bass, catfish and
  blue gill. The Frankfort Fish Hatchery is also
  responsible for producing a large part of the
  fish that are stocked in lakes and ponds
  throughout the state.

26
Results of the Project

• Due to the carrying over of the project into next
  semester, the results at this time are
  indecisive. Many speculations could be drawn at
  this point using the information already
  obtained, but no concrete evidence has been
  observed to suggest that this is reasonable.

27
Concluding Remarks

• Due to the carrying over of this project, The
  Concluding Remarks are not available at this time.

28
Acknowledgments

• At this time I would like to thank the many
  people that helped with this project.
• The people at The Fish and Wildlife Department in
  Frankfort, KY.
• Dr. Tietjen.
• Doris, Charles and Holly Hubert.
• Christy Stautberg and James Stevison.

29
THE END